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Sub-Neptune-sized exoplanets represent one of the most common types of planets in the Milky Way, yet many of their properties are unknown. Here, we present a prescription to adapt the capabilities of the stellar evolution toolkit Modules…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-15 Howard Chen , Leslie A. Rogers

With observational efforts moving from the discovery into the characterisation mode, systematic campaigns that cover large ranges of global stellar and planetary parameters will be needed. We aim to uncover cloud formation trends and…

We present the Stagger-grid, a comprehensive grid of time-dependent, 3D hydrodynamic model atmospheres for late-type stars with realistic treatment of radiative transfer, covering a wide range in stellar parameters. This grid of 3D models…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Z. Magic , R. Collet , M. Asplund , R. Trampedach , W. Hayek , A. Chiavassa , R. F. Stein , Å. Nordlund

The exoplanet mass radius diagram reveals that super Earths display a wide range of radii, and therefore mean densities, at a given mass. Using planet population synthesis models, we explore the key physical factors that shape this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 Matthew Alessi , Julie Inglis , Ralph E. Pudritz

(Abridged) The upper atmospheres of close-in gas giant exoplanets are subjected to intense heating/tidal forces from their parent stars. Atomic/ionized hydrogen (H) layers are sufficiently rarefied that magnetic pressure may dominate gas…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-20 George B. Trammell , Phil Arras , Zhi-Yun Li

The exoplanet field now abounds with new discoveries of planets and planetary systems. It is of great interest for the scientific community to understand the compositions and internal structures of these new planets outside our own solar…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-15 Li Zeng , Stein B. Jacobsen , Dimitar D. Sasselov , Michail I. Petaev

We construct models of the structural evolution of super-Earth- and mini-Neptune-type exoplanets with hydrogen-helium envelopes, incorporating radiative cooling and XUV-driven mass loss. We conduct a parameter study of these models,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-08-06 Alex R. Howe , Adam S. Burrows

Theoretical studies of giant planet formation suggest that substantial quantities of metals - elements heavier than hydrogen and helium - can be delivered by solid accretion during the envelope-assembly phase. This metal enhancement process…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-23 Mark R. Swain , Yasuhiro Hasegawa , Daniel P. Thorngren , Gael M. Roudier

We have investigated the information content in reflected-starlight spectra of exoplanets. We specify our analysis to Barnard's Star b candidate super-Earth, for which we assume a radius 0.6 times that of Neptune, an atmosphere dominated by…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-02 Óscar Carrión-González , Antonio García Muñoz , Juan Cabrera , Szilárd Csizmadia , Nuno C. Santos , Heike Rauer

Exoplanets with masses similar to that of Earth have recently been discovered in extrasolar systems. A first order question for understanding their dynamics is to know whether they possess Earth like liquid metallic cores. However, the iron…

Materials Science · Physics 2011-06-07 G. Morard , J. Bouchet , D. Valencia , S. Mazevet , F. Guyot

Static structure models, which map mass-radius constraints to bulk planet composition, are frequently used to categorise exoplanets due to their computational efficiency and the high-level insight they offer into planetary properties.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-20 Harrison Nicholls , Oliver Shorttle , Tim Lichtenberg , Flavia Pascal

We present globally inverted pressure-temperature (P-T) phase diagrams up to 5,000 GPa for four fundamental planetary materials, Fe, MgO, SiO2, and MgSiO3, derived from logistic regression and supervised learning, together with an…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-13 Junjie Dong , Gabriel-Darius Mardaru , Paul D. Asimow , Lars P. Stixrude , Rebecca A. Fischer

We perform global three-dimensional (3D) radiation-hydrodynamics calculations of the envelopes surrounding young planetary cores of 5, 10, and 15 Earth masses, located in a protoplanetary disk at 5 and 10 AU from a solar-mass star. We apply…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-07 Gennaro D'Angelo , Peter Bodenheimer

We present a catalog of uniformly processed 3.6-$\mu$m and 4.5-$\mu$m band exoplanet thermal phase curves based on Infrared Array Camera observations obtained from the Spitzer Heritage Archive. The catalog includes phase curve measurements…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 Mark R Swain , Kyle A Pearson , Thaddeus D. Komacek , Geoffrey Bryden , Emeline Fromont , Gautam Vasisht , Gael Roudier , Robert T. Zellem

Future NASA concept missions that are currently under study, like Habitable Exoplanet Imaging Mission (HabEx) & Large Ultra-Violet Optical Infra Red (LUVOIR) Surveyor, would discover a large diversity of exoplanets. We propose here a…

6500+ exoplanets have been detected using various techniques. This prompted the emergence of many recent works on the taxonomy, or classification, of exoplanets. However, there is still no basic, fundamental definition of 'What is a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Madhu Kashyap Jagadeesh , Arkil Parikh , Margarita Safonova , Bernard Foing , Oleg Kotsyurbenko

Recent discoveries of water-rich, sub-Neptunian to Neptunian-massed exoplanets with short-period orbits present a new parameter space for the study of exoplanetary dynamos. We explore the geometry of the dynamo source region within this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 Bob Yunsheng Tian , Sabine Stanley

We have computed evolutionary models for extrasolar planets which range in mass from 0.1 to 3.0 Jovian Masses, and which range in equilibrium temperature from 113 K to 2000 K. We present four sequences of models, designed to show the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-06 P. Bodenheimer , G. Laughlin , D. N. C. Lin

Recent astronomical observations obtained with the Kepler and TESS missions and their related ground-based follow-ups revealed an abundance of exoplanets with a size intermediate between Earth and Neptune. A low occurrence rate of planets…

In a recent paper (Crida et al. 2018, accepted on April 19), we presented a method to derive the mass and radius of a transiting exoplanet and their intrinsic correlation, that we applied to 55 Cnc e. We wrote: "More precise observations of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-09-24 Aurélien Crida , Roxanne Ligi , Caroline Dorn , Francesco Borsa , Yveline Lebreton