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Given a finite non-cyclic group $G$, call $\sigma(G)$ the least number of proper subgroups of $G$ needed to cover $G$. In this paper we give lower and upper bounds for $\sigma(G)$ for $G$ a group with a unique minimal normal subgroup $N$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Martino Garonzi

For a finite non cyclic group $G$, let $\gamma(G)$ be the smallest integer $k$ such that $G$ contains $k$ proper subgroups $H_1,\dots,H_k$ with the property that every element of $G$ is contained in $H_i^g$ for some $i \in \{1,\dots,k\}$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-08 Andrea Lucchini , Martino Garonzi

For a non-cyclic finite group $G$, let $\gamma(G)$ denote the smallest number of conjugacy classes of proper subgroups of $G$ needed to cover $G$. Bubboloni, Praeger and Spiga, motivated by questions in number theory, have recently…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-20 John R. Britnell , Attila Maroti

A set of proper subgroups is a covering for a group if its union is the whole group. The minimal number of subgroups needed to cover $G$ is called the covering number of $G$, denoted by $\sigma(G)$. Determining $\sigma(G)$ is an open…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-09-09 Luise-Charlotte Kappe , Daniela Nikolova-Popova , Eric Swartz

The normal covering number $\gamma(G)$ of a finite, non-cyclic group $G$ is the minimum number of proper subgroups such that each element of $G$ lies in some conjugate of one of these subgroups. We find lower bounds linear in $n$ for…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-09 Daniela Bubboloni , Cheryl E. Praeger , Pablo Spiga

The covering number of a nontrivial finite group $G$, denoted $\sigma(G)$, is the smallest number of proper subgroups of $G$ whose set-theoretic union equals $G$. In this article, we focus on a dual problem to that of covering numbers of…

A 2-covering for a finite group $G$ is a set of proper subgroups of $G$ such that every pair of elements of $G$ is contained in at least one subgroup in the set. The minimal number of subgroups needed to 2-cover a group $G$ is called the…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Andrea Lucchini

For a non-cyclic finite group $X$ let $\sigma(X)$ be the least number of proper subgroups of $X$ whose union is $X$. Precise formulas or estimates are given for $\sigma(S \wr C_{m})$ for certain nonabelian finite simple groups $S$ where…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2012-11-26 Martino Garonzi , Attila Maroti

A cover of a finite non-cyclic group $G$ is a family $\mathcal{H}$ of proper subgroups of $G$ whose union equals $G$. A cover of $G$ is called minimal if it has minimal size, and irredundant if it does not properly contain any other cover.…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2014-12-22 Andrea Lucchini , Martino Garonzi

If a group $G$ is the union of proper subgroups $H_1, \dots, H_k$, we say that the collection $\{H_1, \dots H_k \}$ is a cover of $G$, and the size of a minimal cover (supposing one exists) is the covering number of $G$, denoted…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2016-02-04 Eric Swartz

A finite group $G$ is called monomial if every irreducible character of $G$ is induced from a linear character of some subgroup of $G$. One of the main questions regarding monomial groups is whether or not a normal subgroup $N$ of a…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Maria Loukaki

A \emph{finite cover} of a group $G$ is a finite collection $\mathcal{C}$ of proper subgroups of $G$ with the property that $\bigcup \mathcal{C} = G$. A finite group admits a finite cover if and only if it is noncyclic. More generally, it…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-09-21 Michael Epstein

Given a finite group $G$, we say that $G$ has weak normal covering number $\gamma_w(G)$ if $\gamma_w(G)$ is the smallest integer with $G$ admitting proper subgroups $H_1,\ldots,H_{\gamma_w(G)}$ such that each element of $G$ has a conjugate…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2022-08-19 Daniela Bubboloni , Pablo Spiga , Thomas Weigel

The covering number of a finite group $G$, denoted $\sigma(G)$, is the smallest positive integer $k$ such that $G$ is a union of $k$ proper subgroups. We calculate $\sigma(G)$ for a family of primitive groups $G$ with a unique minimal…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-11 Martino Garonzi , Julia Almeida

Let $X$ be a Riemann surface, and let $f:X\to\mathbb{P}^1_\mathbb{C}$ be an indecomposable (branched) covering of genus $g$ and degree $n$ whose monodromy group has more than one minimal normal subgroup. Closing a gap in the literature, we…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Spencer Gerhardt , Eilidh McKemmie , Danny Neftin

For a finite group $G$ let $\sigma(G)$ (the "sum" of $G$) be the least number of proper subgroups of $G$ whose set-theoretical union is equal to $G$, and $\sigma(G)=\infty$ if $G$ is cyclic. We say that a group $G$ is $\sigma$-elementary if…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2011-12-30 Martino Garonzi

A primary covering of a finite group $G$ is a family of proper subgroups of $G$ whose union contains the set of elements of $G$ having order a prime power. We denote with $\sigma_0(G)$ the smallest size of a primary covering of $G$, and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2021-04-05 Francesco Fumagalli , Martino Garonzi

The covering number of a group $G$, denoted by $\sigma(G)$, is the size of a minimal collection of proper subgroups of $G$ whose union is $G$. We investigate which integers are covering numbers of groups. We determine which integers $129$…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2018-11-30 Martino Garonzi , Luise-Charlotte Kappe , Eric Swartz

Given a set $\mathcal{F}$ of finite groups, it is said that a group $G$ is an $\mathcal{F}$-cover if every group in $\mathcal{F}$ is isomorphic to a subgroup of $G$. Moreover, $G$ is a minimum $\mathcal{F}$-cover if there is no…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-09 Mihai-Silviu Lazorec

Let $G$ be a finite group and let $\mathcal{M}$ be a set of maximal subgroups of $G$. We say that $\mathcal{M}$ is irredundant if the intersection of the subgroups in $\mathcal{M}$ is not equal to the intersection of any proper subset. The…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2019-11-11 Timothy C. Burness , Martino Garonzi , Andrea Lucchini
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