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Scientists often use directed acyclic graphs (days) to model the qualitative structure of causal theories, allowing the parameters to be estimated from observational data. Two causal models are equivalent if there is no experiment which…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Tom S. Verma , Judea Pearl

Hierarchical models for regionally aggregated disease incidence data commonly involve region specific latent random effects that are modeled jointly as having a multivariate Gaussian distribution. The covariance or precision matrix…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-30 Abhirup Datta , Sudipto Banerjee , James S. Hodges

This work aims to learn the directed acyclic graph (DAG) that captures the instantaneous dependencies underlying a multivariate time series. The observed data follow a linear structural vector autoregressive model (SVARM) with both…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Samuel Rey , Gonzalo Mateos

Structural learning of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) or Bayesian networks has been studied extensively under the assumption that data are independent. We propose a new Gaussian DAG model for dependent data which assumes the observations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-07-30 Hangjian Li , Oscar Hernan Madrid Padilla , Qing Zhou

We study a family of regularized score-based estimators for learning the structure of a directed acyclic graph (DAG) for a multivariate normal distribution from high-dimensional data with $p\gg n$. Our main results establish support…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Bryon Aragam , Arash A. Amini , Qing Zhou

Capturing the underlying structural causal relations represented by Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) has been a fundamental task in various AI disciplines. Causal DAG learning via the continuous optimization framework has recently achieved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Naiyu Yin , Tian Gao , Yue Yu , Qiang Ji

Instrumental variable methods are widely used for inferring the causal effect in the presence of unmeasured confounders. Existing instrumental variable methods for nonlinear outcome models require stringent identifiability conditions. This…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-01 Sai Li , Zijian Guo

The investigation of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) encoding the same Markov property, that is the same conditional independence relations of multivariate observational distributions, has a long tradition; many algorithms exist for model…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-09-27 Alain Hauser , Peter Bühlmann

Point processes are probabilistic tools for modeling event data. While there exists a fast-growing literature studying the relationships between point processes, it remains unexplored how such relationships connect to causal effects. In the…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-01-10 Zhichao Jiang , Shizhe Chen , Peng Ding

Domain generalization aims to learn knowledge invariant across different distributions while semantically meaningful for downstream tasks from multiple source domains, to improve the model's generalization ability on unseen target domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Yunqi Wang , Furui Liu , Zhitang Chen , Qing Lian , Shoubo Hu , Jianye Hao , Yik-Chung Wu

Numerous approaches have been proposed to discover causal dependencies in machine learning and data mining; among them, the state-of-the-art VAR-LiNGAM (short for Vector Auto-Regressive Linear Non-Gaussian Acyclic Model) is a desirable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Aref Einizade , Sepideh Hajipour Sardouie

Our aim is to detect mechanistic interaction between the effects of two causal factors on a binary response, as an aid to identifying situations where the effects are mediated by a common mechanism. We propose a formalization of mechanistic…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-06-23 Carlo Berzuini , A. Philip Dawid

Estimating the structure of Bayesian networks as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data is a fundamental challenge, particularly in causal discovery. Bayesian approaches excel by quantifying uncertainty and addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Edwin V. Bonilla , Pantelis Elinas , He Zhao , Maurizio Filippone , Vassili Kitsios , Terry O'Kane

Causal processes in biomedicine may contain cycles, evolve over time or differ between populations. However, many graphical models cannot accommodate these conditions. We propose to model causation using a mixture of directed cyclic graphs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-08 Eric V. Strobl

Instrumental variable (IV) regression relies on instruments to infer causal effects from observational data with unobserved confounding. We consider IV regression in time series models, such as vector auto-regressive (VAR) processes. Direct…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-23 Nikolaj Thams , Rikke Søndergaard , Sebastian Weichwald , Jonas Peters

Machine learning models rely on various assumptions to attain high accuracy. One of the preliminary assumptions of these models is the independent and identical distribution, which suggests that the train and test data are sampled from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Paras Sheth , Raha Moraffah , K. Selçuk Candan , Adrienne Raglin , Huan Liu

Conditional independence models associated with directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) may be characterized in at least three different ways: via a factorization, the global Markov property (given by the d-separation criterion), and the local…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-27 Thomas S. Richardson , Robin J. Evans , James M. Robins , Ilya Shpitser

We consider the problem of learning causal models from observational data generated by linear non-Gaussian acyclic causal models with latent variables. Without considering the effect of latent variables, one usually infers wrong causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Saber Salehkaleybar , AmirEmad Ghassami , Negar Kiyavash , Kun Zhang

Learning the structure of causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is useful in many areas of machine learning and artificial intelligence, with wide applications. However, in the high-dimensional setting, it is challenging to obtain good…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-27 Stephen Smith , Qing Zhou

Dependency knowledge of the form "x is independent of y once z is known" invariably obeys the four graphoid axioms, examples include probabilistic and database dependencies. Often, such knowledge can be represented efficiently with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Tom S. Verma , Judea Pearl