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Due to the advantages of fusing information from various modalities, multimodal learning is gaining increasing attention. Being a fundamental task of multimodal learning, Visual Grounding (VG), aims to locate objects in images through…
Simulation-based testing has emerged as an essential tool for verifying and validating autonomous vehicles (AVs). However, contemporary methodologies, such as deterministic and imitation learning-based driver models, struggle to capture the…
System development is not a linear, one-shot process. It proceeds through refinements and revisions. To support assurance that the system satisfies its requirements, it is desirable that continuous verification can be performed after each…
Assertion checking is an invaluable programmer's tool for finding many classes of errors or verifying their absence in dynamic languages such as Prolog. For Prolog programmers this means being able to have relevant properties such as modes,…
"This article describes software engineering techniques to be used in order to ensure the necessary quality of intelligent and therefore massive software-based systems in vehicles. Quality assurance for intelligent software is achieved…
Autonomous vehicles are complex systems that are challenging to test and debug. A requirements-driven approach to the development process can decrease the resources required to design and test these systems, while simultaneously increasing…
For a successful market launch of automated vehicles (AVs), proof of their safety is essential. Due to the open parameter space, an infinite number of traffic situations can occur, which makes the proof of safety an unsolved problem. With…
The focus of this paper is on reducing the complexity in verification by exploiting modularity at various levels: in specification, in verification, and structurally. For specifications, we use the modular language CSP-OZ-DC, which allows…
Variational systems allow effective building of many custom variants by using features (configuration options) to mark the variable functionality. In many of the applications, their quality assurance and formal verification are of paramount…
Seamless model based development aims to use models during all phases of the development process of a system. During the development process in a component-based approach, components of a system are described at qualitatively differing…
Vision systems, i.e., systems that allow to detect and track objects in images, have gained substantial importance over the past decades. They are used in quality assurance applications, e.g., for finding surface defects in products during…
Learners are often introduced to programming via dedicated languages such as Scratch, where block-based commands are assembled visually in order to control the interactions of graphical sprites. Automated testing of such programs is an…
Development of quality assured software-intensive systems, such as automotive embedded systems, is an increasing challenge as the complexity of these systems significantly increases. EAST-ADL is an architecture description language…
The C language is getting more and more popular as a design and verification language (DVL). SystemC, ParC [1] and Cx [2] are based on C. C-models of the design and verification environment can also be generated from new DVLs (e.g. Chisel…
This paper combines methods from the fields of Model-Based Testing (MBT) and Behaviour-Driven Development (BDD) to define a testing approach with human-readable specifications and test cases, as in BDD, while using the modelling techniques…
Model-based testing relies on behavior models for the generation of model traces: input and expected output---test cases---for an implementation. We use the case study of an automotive network controller to assess different test suites in…
Property Directed Reachability (PDR) is a powerful algorithm for formal verification of hardware and software systems, but its performance is highly sensitive to parameter configurations. Manual parameter tuning is time-consuming and…
Using probabilities in the formal-methods-based development of safety-critical software has quickened interests in academia and industry. We address this area by our model-driven engineering method for reactive systems SPACE and its…
Dual control explicitly addresses the problem of trading off active exploration and exploitation in the optimal control of partially unknown systems. While the problem can be cast in the framework of stochastic dynamic programming, exact…
Autonomous air taxis are poised to revolutionize urban mass transportation, however, ensuring their safety and reliability remains an open challenge. Validating autonomy solutions on air taxis in the real world presents complexities, risks,…