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Related papers: An algebraic approach to BCJ numerators

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In flat space, the color/kinematics duality states that perturbative Yang-Mills amplitudes can be written in such a way that kinematic numerators obey the same Jacobi relations as their color factors. This remarkable duality implies BCJ…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-03-17 Connor Armstrong , Arthur E. Lipstein , Jiajie Mei

We study kinematic algebras associated to the recently proposed scattering equations, which arise in the description of the scattering of massless particles. In particular, we describe the role that these algebras play in the BCJ duality…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-17 Ricardo Monteiro , Donal O'Connell

Inspired by recent developments on scattering equations, we present a constructive procedure for computing symmetric, amplitude-encoded, BCJ numerators for n-point gauge-theory amplitudes, thus satisfying the three virtues identified by…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Stephen G. Naculich

In this note we provide a new construction of BCJ dual-trace factor using the kinematic algebra proposed in arXiv:1105.2565 and arXiv:1212.6168. Different from the construction given in arXiv:1304.2978 based on the proposal of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-15 Chih-Hao Fu , Yi-Jian Du , Bo Feng

In this letter, starting from a kinematic Hopf algebra, we first construct a closed-form formula for all Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators in Yang-Mills (YM) theory with infinite orders of $\alpha'$ corrections, known as $\rm…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-03-08 Gang Chen , Laurentiu Rodina , Congkao Wen

We present a closed formula for all Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators describing $D$-dimensional tree-level scattering amplitudes in a heavy-mass effective field theory with two massive particles and an arbitrary number of gluons.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-06 Andreas Brandhuber , Gang Chen , Henrik Johansson , Gabriele Travaglini , Congkao Wen

The conjectured duality between color and kinematics has significantly advanced our understanding of both gauge and gravitational theories. However, constructing numerators that manifest the color-kinematics (CK) duality, even for the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-02-29 Zeyu Li , Gang Yang

We derive a vertex operator based expression for the kinematic numerators of Yang-Mills amplitudes by applying the momentum kernel formalism to open string amplitudes. The expression involves an $\alpha'$-weighted commutator induced by the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-10-17 Chih-Hao Fu , Pierre Vanhove , Yihong Wang

We present an identity satisfied by the kinematic factors of diagrams describing the tree amplitudes of massless gauge theories. This identity is a kinematic analog of the Jacobi identity for color factors. Using this we find new relations…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Z. Bern , J. J. M. Carrasco , H. Johansson

We demonstrate a physical motivation for extending color-dual or BCJ double-copy construction to include theories with kinematic numerators that obey the same algebraic relations as symmetric structure constants,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-10-10 John Joseph M. Carrasco , Nicolas H. Pavao

Recent work by Cachazo, He, and Yuan shows that connected prescription residues obey the global identities of $\mathcal{N} = 4$ super-Yang-Mills amplitudes. In particular, they obey the Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) amplitude identities.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-07-16 Sean Litsey , James Stankowicz

Based on the covariant color-kinematics duality, we investigate combinatorial and algebraic structures underlying their Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators of tree-level amplitudes in Yang-Mills-scalar (YMS) theory. The closed-formulae…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-02-08 Qu Cao , Jin Dong , Song He , Yao-Qi Zhang

Jacobi operators appear as kinetic operators of several classes of noncommutative field theories (NCFT) considered recently. This paper deals with the case of bounded Jacobi operators. A set of tools mainly issued from operator and spectral…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-08-07 Antoine Géré , Jean-Christophe Wallet

Tree-level $n$-point gauge-theory amplitudes with $n-2k$ gluons and $k$ pairs of (massless or massive) particles in the fundamental (or other) representation of the gauge group are invariant under a set of symmetries that act as…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Robert W. Brown , Stephen G. Naculich

By identifying each standard flag with a trivalent Feynman diagram, the corresponding propagators can be read directly from the flag itself. Within the flag representation, the kinematic Jacobi identity (equivalently, the residue theorem on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-04 Lili Yang

We review the Four-Dimensional-Formulation variant of the Four-Dimensional-Helicity scheme, by showing two applications of this regularisation scheme. The first one is the computation of one-loop helicity amplitudes, for which we present…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-01-22 William J. Torres Bobadilla

Recently a duality between color and kinematics has been proposed, exposing a new unexpected structure in gauge theory and gravity scattering amplitudes. Here we propose that the relation goes deeper, allowing us to reorganize amplitudes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 Zvi Bern , Tristan Dennen

Color-kinematics duality states that the kinematic numerators of the cubic tree-level Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes obey the same symmetry properties that the color factors obey due to the Jacobi identity. We present a novel strategy for…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-07 Roberto Bonezzi , Christoph Chiaffrino , Olaf Hohm , Maria Foteini Kallimani

Scattering amplitudes in Yang-Mills theory are known to exhibit kinematic structures which hint to an underlying kinematic algebra that is dual to the gauge group color algebra. This color-kinematics duality is still poorly understood in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-01-02 Maor Ben-Shahar , Lucia Garozzo , Henrik Johansson

Tree-level color-ordered Yang-Mills (YM) amplitudes can be decomposed in terms of $(n-2)!$ bi-scalar (BS) amplitudes, whose expansion coefficients form a basis of Bern-Carrasco-Johansson (BCJ) numerators. By the help of the recursive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-02-16 Konglong Wu , Yi-Jian Du