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This is a tutorial and survey paper for Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) and its variants. The idea of LLE is fitting the local structure of manifold in the embedding space. In this paper, we first cover LLE, kernel LLE, inverse LLE, and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-24 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

Muon and related norm-constrained matrix optimizers have become central to large-scale learning problems. They are formulated as a linear maximization oracle (LMO) over an ambient matrix-norm ball in unconstrained Euclidean space. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yibang Li , Bihari Lal Pandey , Ravi Sah , Andi Han , Cyrus Mostajeran , Pratik Jawanpuria , Bamdev Mishra

Many approaches in the field of machine learning and data analysis rely on the assumption that the observed data lies on lower-dimensional manifolds. This assumption has been verified empirically for many real data sets. To make use of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Erik Thordsen , Erich Schubert

Supervised manifold learning methods learn data representations by preserving the geometric structure of data while enhancing the separation between data samples from different classes. In this work, we propose a theoretical study of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-08 Elif Vural , Christine Guillemot

Natural data observed in $\mathbb{R}^n$ is often constrained to an $m$-dimensional manifold $\mathcal{M}$, where $m < n$. This work focuses on the task of building theoretically principled generative models for such data. Current generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-25 Brendan Leigh Ross , Gabriel Loaiza-Ganem , Anthony L. Caterini , Jesse C. Cresswell

Non-linear manifold learning enables high-dimensional data analysis, but requires out-of-sample-extension methods to process new data points. In this paper, we propose a manifold learning algorithm based on deep learning to create an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-06-26 Gal Mishne , Uri Shaham , Alexander Cloninger , Israel Cohen

Combinatorial optimisation problems framed as mixed integer linear programmes (MILPs) are ubiquitous across a range of real-world applications. The canonical branch-and-bound algorithm seeks to exactly solve MILPs by constructing a search…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Christopher W. F. Parsonson , Alexandre Laterre , Thomas D. Barrett

Automatically detecting/segmenting object(s) that blend in with their surroundings is difficult for current models. A major challenge is that the intrinsic similarities between such foreground objects and background surroundings make the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-07 Qiang Zhai , Xin Li , Fan Yang , Chenglizhao Chen , Hong Cheng , Deng-Ping Fan

The reach of a submanifold of $\mathbb{R}^N$ is defined as the largest radius of a tubular neighbourhood around the submanifold that avoids self-intersections. While essential in geometric and topological applications, computing the reach…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-05-14 Daniel Platt , Raúl Sánchez Galán

Kernel methods are successful approaches for different machine learning problems. This success is mainly rooted in using feature maps and kernel matrices. Some methods rely on the eigenvalues/eigenvectors of the kernel matrix, while for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Nima Reyhani , Hideitsu Hino , Ricardo Vigario

This paper advocates a novel framework for segmenting a dataset in a Riemannian manifold $M$ into clusters lying around low-dimensional submanifolds of $M$. Important examples of $M$, for which the proposed clustering algorithm is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-10-02 Xu Wang , Konstantinos Slavakis , Gilad Lerman

The knowledge that data lies close to a particular submanifold of the ambient Euclidean space may be useful in a number of ways. For instance, one may want to automatically mark any point far away from the submanifold as an outlier or to…

We show Riemannian geometry could be studied by identifying the tangent bundle of a Riemannian manifold $\mathcal{M}$ with a subbundle of the trivial bundle $\mathcal{M} \times \mathcal{E}$, obtained by embedding $\mathcal{M}$…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Du Nguyen

The goal of ordinal embedding is to represent items as points in a low-dimensional Euclidean space given a set of constraints in the form of distance comparisons like "item $i$ is closer to item $j$ than item $k$". Ordinal constraints like…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-24 Lalit Jain , Kevin Jamieson , Robert Nowak

Statistical inference from high-dimensional data with low-dimensional structures has recently attracted lots of attention. In machine learning, deep generative modeling approaches implicitly estimate distributions of complex objects by…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-02-21 Rong Tang , Yun Yang

It is often of interest to infer lower-dimensional structure underlying complex data. As a flexible class of non-linear structures, it is common to focus on Riemannian manifolds. Most existing manifold learning algorithms replace the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-27 David B Dunson , Nan Wu

Multi-domain data is becoming increasingly common and presents both challenges and opportunities in the data science community. The integration of distinct data-views can be used for exploratory data analysis, and benefit downstream…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-01 Andres F. Duque , Myriam Lizotte , Guy Wolf , Kevin R. Moon

Manifold learning is a fundamental problem in machine learning with numerous applications. Most of the existing methods directly learn the low-dimensional embedding of the data in some high-dimensional space, and usually lack the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Yufan Zhou , Changyou Chen , Jinhui Xu

Flow-based models typically define a latent space with dimensionality identical to the observational space. In many problems, however, the data does not populate the full ambient data space that they natively reside in, rather inhabiting a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-24 Mingtian Zhang , Yitong Sun , Chen Zhang , Steven McDonagh

Neural networks have been shown to have a remarkable ability to uncover low dimensional structure in data: the space of possible reconstructed images form a reduced model manifold in image space. We explore this idea directly by analyzing…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2017-05-31 Lorien X. Hayden , Alexander A. Alemi , Paul H. Ginsparg , James P. Sethna
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