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The efficient decomposition of multi-controlled gates is a significant factor in quantum compiling, both in circuit depth and T-gate count. Recent work has demonstrated that qudits have the potential to reduce resource requirements from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-09 Michael Hanks , M. S. Kim

The quantum Fourier transform (QFT) is a crucial subroutine in many quantum algorithms. In this paper, we study the exact lower bound problem of CNOT gate complexity for fault-tolerant QFT. First, we consider approximating the ancilla-free…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-05 Qiqing Xia , Huiqin Xie , Li Yang

Implementing quantum algorithms on realistic hardware requires translating high-level global operations into sequences of native elementary gates, a process known as quantum compiling. Physical limitations, such as constraints in…

One of the largest obstacles to building a quantum computer is gate error, where the physical evolution of the state of a qubit or group of qubits during a gate operation does not match the intended unitary transformation. Gate error stems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-02-07 Eliot Kapit

We show how looped pipeline architectures - which use short-range shuttling of physical qubits to achieve a finite amount of non-local connectivity - can be used to efficiently implement the fault-tolerant non-Clifford gate between 2D…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Thomas R. Scruby , Kae Nemoto , Zhenyu Cai

We present two deterministic schemes for constructing a CNOT gate and a Toffoli gate on photon-atom and photon-atom-atom hybrid quantum systems assisted by bad cavities, respectively. They are achieved by cavity-assisted photon scattering…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-03 Guan-Yu Wang , Qian Liu , Hai-Rui Wei , Tao Li , Qing Ai , Fu-Guo Deng

A major challenge in practical quantum computation is the ineludible errors caused by the interaction of quantum systems with their environment. Fault-tolerant schemes, in which logical qubits are encoded by several physical qubits, enable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-17 Kai Sun , Jin-Shi Xu , Xiao-Ye Xu , Yong-Jian Han , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

The progress in building quantum computers to execute quantum algorithms has recently been remarkable. Grover's search algorithm in a binary quantum system provides considerable speed-up over classical paradigm. Further, Grover's algorithm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-24 Amit Saha , Ritajit Majumdar , Debasri Saha , Amlan Chakrabarti , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Quantum controlled-logic gates, including controlled NOT gate and Toffoli gate, play critical roles in lots of quantum information processing schemes. We design and experimentally demonstrate deterministic Toffoli gate by utilizing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-02-17 Shihao Ru , Yunlong Wang , Min An , Feiran Wang , Pei Zhang , Fuli Li

The Clifford hierarchy is a nested sequence of sets of quantum gates critical to achieving fault-tolerant quantum computation. Diagonal gates of the Clifford hierarchy and 'nearly diagonal' semi-Clifford gates are particularly important:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-15 Nadish de Silva

Topological quantum computing promises intrinsic fault tolerance by encoding quantum information in non-Abelian anyons, where quantum gates are implemented via braiding. While braiding operations are robust against local perturbations, a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Themba Hodge , Philipp Frey , Stephan Rachel

We give precise quantum resource estimates for Shor's algorithm to compute discrete logarithms on elliptic curves over prime fields. The estimates are derived from a simulation of a Toffoli gate network for controlled elliptic curve point…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-01 Martin Roetteler , Michael Naehrig , Krysta M. Svore , Kristin Lauter

Quantum computation is traditionally expressed in terms of quantum bits, or qubits. In this work, we instead consider three-level qu$trits$. Past work with qutrits has demonstrated only constant factor improvements, owing to the $\log_2(3)$…

We study the effects of imperfections on the fidelity of the Toffoli gate recently realized in a circuit~QED setup using quantum control methods. The noise is introduced in the interqubits interactions. The coupling constants are no longer…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-03 J. Khatibi Moqadam , Renato Portugal , N. F. Svaiter , G. O. Corrêa

In 2004, Cuccaro et al found a quantum-quantum adder with $O(n)$ gate cost and $O(1)$ ancilla qubits. Since then, it's been an open question whether classical-quantum adders can achieve the same asymptotic complexity. These costs are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Craig Gidney

Topological error correction--a novel method to actively correct errors based on cluster states with topological properties--has the highest order of tolerable error rates known to date (10^{-2}). Moreover, the scheme requires only…

In principle a 1D array of nearest-neighbour linked qubits is compatible with fault tolerant quantum computing. However such a restricted topology necessitates a large overhead for shuffling qubits and consequently the fault tolerance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-12 Ying Li , Simon C. Benjamin

We investigate quantum circuits built from arbitrary single-qubit operations combined with programmable all-to-all multiqubit entangling gates that are native to, among other systems, trapped-ion quantum computing platforms. We report a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Jonathan Nemirovsky , Lee Peleg , Amit Ben Kish , Yotam Shapira

Fault-tolerant quantum computing hinges on efficient logical compilation, in particular, translating high-level circuits into code-compatible implementations. Gate-by-gate compilation often yields deep circuits, requiring significant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-16 Alexander Popov , Nico Meyer , Daniel D. Scherer , Guido Dietl

What is the minimum number of extra qubits needed to perform a large fault-tolerant quantum circuit? Working in a common model of fault-tolerance, I show that in the asymptotic limit of large circuits, the ratio of physical qubits to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-07-23 Daniel Gottesman