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In recent years, the import of quantum information techniques in quantum gravity opened new perspectives in the study of the microscopic structure of spacetime. We contribute to such a program by establishing a precise correspondence…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-07-20 Eugenia Colafranceschi , Daniele Oriti

We propose a new class of tensor-network states, which we name projected entangled simplex states (PESS), for studying the ground-state properties of quantum lattice models. These states extend the pair-correlation basis of projected…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-04-18 Z. Y. Xie , J. Chen , J. F. Yu , X. Kong , B. Normand , T. Xiang

Tensor networks are generated by a set of small rank tensors and define many-body quantum states in a succinct form. The corresponding map is not one-to-one: different sets of tensors may generate the very same state. A fundamental question…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-11-27 Andras Molnar , José Garre-Rubio , David Pérez-García , Norbert Schuch , J. Ignacio Cirac

Tensor models, generalization of matrix models, are studied aiming for quantum gravity in dimensions larger than two. Among them, the canonical tensor model is formulated as a totally constrained system with first-class constraints, the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-06-23 Gaurav Narain , Naoki Sasakura , Yuki Sato

In this study, we introduce a novel family of tensor networks, termed constrained matrix product states (MPS), designed to incorporate exactly arbitrary discrete linear constraints, including inequalities, into sparse block structures.…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Javier Lopez-Piqueres , Jing Chen

In this paper we construct the continuous Matrix Product State (MPS) representation of the vacuum of the field theory corresponding to the continuous limit of an Ising model. We do this by exploiting the observation made by Hastings and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-09-22 Emanuele Tirrito , Neil J. Robinson , Maciej Lewenstein , Shi-Ju Ran , Luca Tagliacozzo

We generalize the notion of joint measurability to continuous variable systems by extending a recently introduced compression algorithm of quantum measurements to this realm. The extension results in a property that asks for the minimal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Pauli Jokinen , Sophie Egelhaaf , Juha-Pekka Pellonpää , Roope Uola

Tensor networks were developed in the context of many-body physics as compressed representations of multiparticle quantum states. These representations mitigate the exponential complexity of many-body systems by capturing only the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Guillermo Valverde , Igor García-Olaizola , Giannicola Scarpa , Alejandro Pozas-Kerstjens

Just as matrix product states represent ground states of one-dimensional quantum spin systems faithfully, continuous matrix product states (cMPS) provide faithful representations of the vacuum of interacting field theories in one spatial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-20 Benoît Tuybens , Jacopo De Nardis , Jutho Haegeman , Frank Verstraete

Tensor networks such as matrix product states (MPS) and projected entangled pair states (PEPS) are commonly used to approximate quantum systems. These networks are optimized in methods such as DMRG or evolved by local operators. We provide…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-01-07 Yifan Zhang , Edgar Solomonik

Tensor network states form a variational ansatz class widely used, both analytically and numerically, in the study of quantum many-body systems. It is known that if the underlying graph contains a cycle, e.g. as in projected entangled pair…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-26 Matthias Christandl , Fulvio Gesmundo , Daniel Stilck Franca , Albert H. Werner

We discuss various properties of the variational class of continuous matrix product states, a class of ansatz states for one-dimensional quantum fields that was recently introduced as the direct continuum limit of the highly successful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-12-23 Jutho Haegeman , J. Ignacio Cirac , Tobias J. Osborne , Frank Verstraete

In this work we introduce an ansatz for continuous matrix product operators for quantum field theory. We show that (i) they admit a closed-form expression in terms of finite number of matrix-valued functions without reference to any lattice…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Erickson Tjoa , J. Ignacio Cirac

The 1-form symmetry, manifesting as loop-like symmetries, has gained prominence in the study of quantum phases, deepening our understanding of symmetry. However, the role of 1-form symmetries in Projected Entangled-Pair States (PEPS),…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2024-08-02 Yi Tan , Ji-Yao Chen , Didier Poilblanc , Fei Ye , Jia-Wei Mei

A fundamental problem in quantum information is to describe efficiently multipartite quantum states. An efficient representation in terms of graphs exists for several families of quantum states (graph, cluster, stabilizer states),…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-04 Radu Ionicioiu , Tim P. Spiller

The tensor product representation of quantum states leads to a promising variational approach to study quantum phase and quantum phase transitions, especially topological ordered phases which are impossible to handle with conventional…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-05-29 Xie Chen , Bei Zeng , Zheng-Cheng Gu , Isaac L. Chuang , Xiao-Gang Wen

We introduce the concept of concatenated tensor networks to efficiently describe quantum states. We show that the corresponding concatenated tensor network states can efficiently describe time evolution and possess arbitrary block-wise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-06-17 R. Hübener , V. Nebendahl , W. Dür

We extend the recently introduced continuous matrix product state (cMPS) variational class to the setting of (1+1)-dimensional relativistic quantum field theories. This allows one to overcome the difficulties highlighted by Feynman…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2012-03-13 Jutho Haegeman , J. Ignacio Cirac , Tobias J. Osborne , Henri Verschelde , Frank Verstraete

Quantum field theory (QFT) describes nature using continuous fields, but physical properties of QFT are usually revealed in terms of measurements of observables at a finite resolution. We describe a multiscale representation of a free…

In the context of a quantum critical spin chain whose low energy physics corresponds to a conformal field theory (CFT), it was recently demonstrated [A. Milsted G. Vidal, arXiv:1805.12524] that certain classes of tensor networks used for…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-07-09 Ashley Milsted , Guifre Vidal