Related papers: A Thermodynamic Hypothesis Regarding Optimality Pr…
The paper provides results for a non-standard, hyperbolic, 1-D, nonlinear traffic flow model on a bounded domain. The model consists of two first-order PDEs with a dynamic boundary condition that involves the time derivative of the…
Concepts of everyday use like energy, heat, and temperature have acquired a precise meaning after the development of thermodynamics. Thermodynamics provides the basis for understanding how heat and work are related and with the general…
We study the non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a heat engine operating between two finite-sized reservoirs with well-defined temperatures. Within the linear response regime, it is found that the uniform temperature of the two reservoirs at…
The minimal work principle asserts that work done on a thermally isolated equilibrium system, is minimal for the slowest (adiabatic) realization of a given process. This principle, one of the formulations of the second law, is operationally…
Life is characterized by a myriad of complex dynamic processes allowing organisms to grow, reproduce, and evolve. Physical approaches for describing systems out of thermodynamic equilibrium have been increasingly applied to living systems,…
Relativistic hydrodynamics of an isentropic fluid in a gravitational field is considered as the particular example from the family of Lagrangian hydrodynamic-type systems which possess an infinite set of integrals of motion due to the…
This paper develops an analytical and rigorous formulation of the maximum entropy generation principle. The result is suggested as the Fourth Law of Thermodynamics.
We analyze the transport properties of a low density ensemble of identical macroscopic particles immersed in an active fluid. The particles are modeled as inelastic hard spheres (granular gas). The non-homogeneous active fluid is modeled by…
In order to provide a formally correct thermodynamical description of inhomogeneous fluids valid on all length scales down to the classical limit we postulate that all extensive quantities have locally extensive analogues. We derive local…
An ideal compressible fluid is considered, with an equilibrium density being a given function of coordinates due to presence of some static external forces. The slow flows in such system, which do not disturb the density, are investigated…
We review on a recently proposed quantum exception to the second law of thermodynamics. We emphasize that $^4$He superflows, like any other forms of flows, shall carry entropy or heat in a thermal environment. Following that, one can use a…
A thermodynamically motivated neural network model is described that self-organizes to transport charge associated with internal and external potentials while in contact with a thermal reservoir. The model integrates techniques for rapid,…
Reciprocal relations correlate fairly accurately a great variety of experimental results. Nevertheless, the concepts of statistical fluctuations, and microscopic reversibility - the bases of the accepted proof of the relations by Onsager -…
We studied planar compressible flows of ideal gas as models of a non-equilibrium thermodynamic system. We demonstrate that internal energy $U(S^{*},V,N)$ of such systems in stationary and non-stationary states is the function of only three…
We present a new general formalism for introducing thermal fluctuations in relativistic hydrodynamics, which incorporates recent developments on the causality and stability of relativistic hydrodynamic theories. Our approach is based on the…
We revisit the classic thermodynamic problem of maximum work extraction from two arbitrary sized hot and cold reservoirs, modelled as perfect gases. Assuming ignorance about the extent to which the process has advanced, which implies an…
Many biological systems perform close to their physical limits, but promoting this optimality to a general principle seems to require implausibly fine tuning of parameters. Using examples from a wide range of systems, we show that this…
We consider macroscopic systems in weak contact with boundary reservoirs and under the action of external fields. We present an explicit formula for the Hamiltonian of such systems, from which we deduce the equation of motions, the action…
Optimal transport theory, originally developed in the 18th century for civil engineering, has since become a powerful optimization framework across disciplines, from generative AI to cell biology. In physics, it has recently been shown to…
Thermodynamics can be formulated in either of two approaches, the phenomenological approach, which refers to the macroscopic properties of systems, and the statistical approach, which describes systems in terms of their microscopic…