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We explore the physical implications of applying principal component analysis (PCA) to translationally invariant classical systems defined on a $d$-dimensional hypercubic lattice. Using Rayleigh-Schr\"odinger perturbation theory, we…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-04-08 Su-Chan Park

Specific protein-protein interactions are crucial in the cell, both to ensure the formation and stability of multi-protein complexes, and to enable signal transduction in various pathways. Functional interactions between proteins result in…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-11-21 Anne-Florence Bitbol , Robert S. Dwyer , Lucy J. Colwell , Ned S. Wingreen

Dimension reduction is useful for exploratory data analysis. In many applications, it is of interest to discover variation that is enriched in a "foreground" dataset relative to a "background" dataset. Recently, contrastive principal…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-04 Didong Li , Andrew Jones , Barbara Engelhardt

Functional Principal Component Analysis (FPCA) has become a widely-used dimension reduction tool for functional data analysis. When additional covariates are available, existing FPCA models integrate them either in the mean function or in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-04-13 Ci-Ren Jiang , Eardi Lila , John AD Aston , Jane-Ling Wang

We consider principal component analysis (PCA) in decomposable Gaussian graphical models. We exploit the prior information in these models in order to distribute its computation. For this purpose, we reformulate the problem in the sparse…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-05-13 Ami Wiesel , Alfred O. Hero

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a powerful standard tool for reducing the dimensionality of data. Unfortunately, it is sensitive to outliers so that various robust PCA variants were proposed in the literature. This paper addresses the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-02-13 Sebastian Neumayer , Max Nimmer , Simon Setzer , Gabriele Steidl

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a well-established tool in machine learning and data processing. The principal axes in PCA were shown to be equivalent to the maximum marginal likelihood estimator of the factor loading matrix in a…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-25 Mengyang Gu , Weining Shen

This paper investigates the intrinsic group structures within the framework of large-dimensional approximate factor models, which portrays homogeneous effects of the common factors on the individuals that fall into the same group. To this…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-18 Yong He , Dong Liu , Guangming Pan , Yiming Wang

We present a technique to perform dimensionality reduction on data that is subject to uncertainty. Our method is a generalization of traditional principal component analysis (PCA) to multivariate probability distributions. In comparison to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-14 Jochen Görtler , Thilo Spinner , Dirk Streeb , Daniel Weiskopf , Oliver Deussen

Objective: In some situations that exist both scalar and functional data, called mixed and hybrid data, the hybrid PCA (HPCA) was introduced. Among the regression models for the hybrid data, we can count covariate-adjusted HPCA, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-01-20 Mohammad Fayaz , Alireza Abadi , Soheila Khodakarim

Modal analysis techniques are used to identify patterns and develop reduced-order models in a variety of fluid applications. However, experimentally acquired flow fields may be corrupted with incorrect and missing entries, which may degrade…

In many scientific disciplines, the features of interest cannot be observed directly, so must instead be inferred from observed behaviour. Latent variable analyses are increasingly employed to systematise these inferences, and Principal…

The increasing integration of data science techniques into quantitative finance has enabled more systematic and data-driven approaches to portfolio construction. This paper investigates the use of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-22 ZhengXiang Zhou , Yuqi Luan

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) aims to find subspaces spanned by the so-called principal components that best represent the variance in the dataset. The deflation method is a popular meta-algorithm that sequentially finds individual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Fangshuo Liao , Junhyung Lyle Kim , Cruz Barnum , Anastasios Kyrillidis

Principal component analysis (PCA) is a widely used dimension reduction tool in the analysis of many kind of high-dimensional data. It is used in signal processing, mechanical engineering, psychometrics, and other fields under different…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-01-15 Ngoc Mai Tran , Maria Osipenko , Wolfgang Karl Haerdle

Statistical inference is central to many scientific endeavors, yet how it works remains unresolved. Answering this requires a quantitative understanding of the intrinsic interplay between statistical models, inference methods and data…

Principal component analysis (PCA) is arguably the most popular tool in multivariate exploratory data analysis. In this paper, we consider the question of how to handle heterogeneous variables that include continuous, binary, and ordinal.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-08-24 Clifford Anderson-Bergman , Tamara G. Kolda , Kina Kincher-Winoto

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been widely used for dimensionality reduction and feature extraction. Robust PCA (RPCA), under different robust distance metrics, such as l1-norm and l2, p-norm, can deal with noise or outliers to some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Zhao Kang , Hongfei Liu , Jiangxin Li , Xiaofeng Zhu , Ling Tian

Methods for supervised principal component analysis (SPCA) aim to incorporate label information into principal component analysis (PCA), so that the extracted features are more useful for a prediction task of interest. Prior work on SPCA…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-18 Alexander Ritchie , Laura Balzano , Daniel Kessler , Chandra S. Sripada , Clayton Scott

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful tool in statistics and machine learning. While existing study of PCA focuses on the recovery of principal components and their associated eigenvalues, there are few precise characterizations…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-04-12 Emmanuel Abbe , Jianqing Fan , Kaizheng Wang
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