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Given a graph stream, how can we estimate the number of triangles in it using multiple machines with limited storage? Specifically, how should edges be processed and sampled across the machines for rapid and accurate estimation? The count…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Kijung Shin , Euiwoong Lee , Jinoh Oh , Mohammad Hammoud , Christos Faloutsos

The number of triangles (hereafter denoted by $\Delta$) is an important metric to analyze massive graphs. It is also used to compute clustering coefficient in networks. This paper proposes a new algorithm called PES (Priority Edge Sampling)…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Roohollah Etemadi , Jianguo Lu

Triangle counting is a fundamental and widely studied problem on static graphs, and recently on temporal graphs, where edges carry information on the timings of the associated events. Streaming processing and resource efficiency are crucial…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Giorgio Venturin , Ilie Sarpe , Fabio Vandin

The problem of counting small subgraphs, and specifically cycles, in the streaming model received a lot of attention over the past few years. In this paper, we consider arbitrary order insertion-only streams, improving over the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-28 Sofya Vorotnikova

Counting and finding triangles in graphs is often used in real-world analytics to characterize cohesiveness and identify communities in graphs. In this paper, we propose the novel concept of a cover-edge set that can be used to find…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-19 David A. Bader , Fuhuan Li , Anya Ganeshan , Ahmet Gundogdu , Jason Lew , Oliver Alvarado Rodriguez , Zhihui Du

Many streaming algorithms provide only a high-probability relative approximation. These two relaxations, of allowing approximation and randomization, seem necessary -- for many streaming problems, both relaxations must be employed…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Vladimir Braverman , Robert Krauthgamer , Aditya Krishnan , Shay Sapir

Analyzing massive data sets has been one of the key motivations for studying streaming algorithms. In recent years, there has been significant progress in analysing distributions in a streaming setting, but the progress on graph problems…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-05-05 Kook Jin Ahn , Sudipto Guha

There has been a recent explosion in the size of stored data, partially due to advances in storage technology, and partially due to the growing popularity of cloud-computing and the vast quantities of data generated. This motivates the need…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-12-06 Isabelle Stanton

In recent years, the problem of computing the frequencies of the induced $k$-vertex subgraphs of a graph, or \emph{$k$-graphlets}, has become central. One approach for this problem is to sample $k$-graphlets randomly. Classic algorithms for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Marco Bressan , T-H. Hubert Chan , Qipeng Kuang , Mauro Sozio

We study the problem of approximately simulating a $t$-step random walk on a graph where the input edges come from a single-pass stream. The straightforward algorithm using reservoir sampling needs $O(nt)$ words of memory. We show that this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-01-03 Ce Jin

We consider space-efficient single-pass estimation of the number of butterflies, a fundamental bipartite graph motif, from a massive bipartite graph stream where each edge represents a connection between entities in two different…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-08-30 Seyed-Vahid Sanei-Mehri , Yu Zhang , Ahmet Erdem Sariyuce , Srikanta Tirthapura

We consider streaming algorithms for approximating a product of input probabilities up to multiplicative error of $1-\epsilon$. It is shown that every randomized streaming algorithm for this problem needs space $\Omega(\log n + \log b -…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Markus Lohrey , Leon Rische , Louisa Seelbach Benkner , Julio Xochitemol

In this note, we show that three graph properties - strong connectivity, acyclicity, and reachability from a vertex $s$ to all vertices - each require a working memory of $\Omega (\epsilon m)$ on a graph with $m$ edges to be determined…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-04-09 Glencora Borradaile , Claire Mathieu , Theresa Migler

We consider the problem of finding a minimum cut of a weighted graph presented as a single-pass stream. While graph sparsification in streams has been intensively studied, the specific application of finding minimum cuts in streams is less…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Matthew Ding , Alexandro Garces , Jason Li , Honghao Lin , Jelani Nelson , Vihan Shah , David P. Woodruff

We present a streaming algorithm for the vertex connectivity problem in dynamic streams with a (nearly) optimal space bound: for any $n$-vertex graph $G$ and any integer $k \geq 1$, our algorithm with high probability outputs whether or not…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Sepehr Assadi , Vihan Shah

Big graphs (networks) arising in numerous application areas pose significant challenges for graph analysts as these graphs grow to billions of nodes and edges and are prohibitively large to fit in the main memory. Finding the number of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Shaikh Arifuzzaman , Maleq Khan , Madhav Marathe

The distinct elements problem is one of the fundamental problems in streaming algorithms --- given a stream of integers in the range $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, we wish to provide a $(1+\varepsilon)$ approximation to the number of distinct elements…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-01-07 Jarosław Błasiok

In the recent years, the scale of graph datasets has increased to such a degree that a single machine is not capable of efficiently processing large graphs. Thereby, efficient graph partitioning is necessary for those large graph…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-02-06 Md Anwarul kaium Patwary , Saurabh Garg , Byeong Kang

The performance of graph algorithms is often measured in terms of the number of traversed edges per second (TEPS). However, this performance metric is inadequate for a graph operation such as exact triangle counting. In triangle counting,…

Performance · Computer Science 2021-09-30 Mark P. Blanco , Scott McMillan , Tze Meng Low

We propose two one-pass streaming algorithms for the $\mathcal{NP}$-hard hypergraph matching problem. The first algorithm stores a small subset of potential matching edges in a stack using dual variables to select edges. It has an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Henrik Reinstädtler , S M Ferdous , Alex Pothen , Bora Uçar , Christian Schulz