Related papers: Who discovered Universe expansion?
If we look from a quantum perspective, the most natural way in which the universe can be created is in entangled pairs whose time flow is oppositely related. This suggests the idea of the creation of a universe-antiuniverse pair. Assuming…
An impressive bulk of multiple astronomical observations indicates that there are plenty of objects in the universe with the age which cannot be explained by the conventional theory. A model is considered which successfully describes all…
The expansion of the Universe is the basis of modern cosmology. This chapter outlines the theory behind the expansion of the universe, including the cosmological principle, distances, velocities, and accelerations. We provide basic…
Ninety years ago, in 1922, Alexander Friedman (1888-1925) demonstrated for the first time that the General Relativity equations admit non-static solutions and thus the Universe may expand, contract, collapse, and even be born. The…
Recent experimental results find strong indications that the universe is flat, while other experimental results from supernovae Ia observations have been interpreted to show that, not only that there is an accelerating expansion of the…
We are experiencing a period of extreme intellectual effervescence in the area of cosmology. A huge volume of observational data in unprecedented quantity and quality and a more consistent theoretical framework propelled cosmology to an era…
The notion that we live in an evolving universe was established only in the twentieth century with the discovery of the recession of galaxies by Hubble and with the Lemaitre and Friedmann's interpretation in the 1920s. However, the concept…
Observational cosmology of the first decades of the Twentieth Century was dominated by two giants: Edwin Hubble and Harlow Shapley. Hubble's major contributions were to the study and classification of individual galaxies with large…
The increase in mass of our observed expansive and isotropic relativistic Universe in the present relativistic cosmology is explained by the extensive assumption of the matter objects emerging on the horizon (of the most remote visibility).…
As revealed by Hubble in 1928, our Universe is expanding. This discovery was fundamental to widening our horizons and our conception of space, and since then determining the rate at which our Universe is expanding has become one of the…
The 1927 discovery of the expansion of the Universe by Lemaitre was published in French in a low-impact journal. In the 1931 high-impact English translation of this article a critical equation was changed by omitting reference to what is…
See hep-ph/0304045
The accelerated expansion of the universe has been established through observations of supernovae, the growth of structure, and the cosmic microwave background. The most popular explanation is Einsteins cosmological constant, or dynamic…
The "standard" model of cosmology is founded on the basis that the expansion rate of the universe is accelerating at present --- as was inferred originally from the Hubble diagram of Type Ia supernovae. There exists now a much bigger…
Although big bang cosmology effectively models even the most puzzling observational data, it offers no insight into why the cosmological expansion should occur at all. In this paper it is suggested that a finite Universe poses particular…
Assuming that observers located inside the Universe measure a time flow which is different from the time appearing in the Friedmann-Lemaitre equation, and determining this time flow such that the Universe always appears flat to these…
We review the observational foundations of the $\Lambda$CDM model, considered by most cosmologists as the standard model of cosmology. The Cosmological Principle, a key assumption of the model is shown to be verified with increasing…
It is suggested that the recently observed size evolution of very massive compact galaxies in the early universe can be explained, if dark matter is in Bose Einstein condensate. In this model the size of the dark matter halos and galaxies…
Had Einstein followed the Bianchi differential identity for the derivation of his equation of motion for gravitation, $\Lambda$ would have emerged as a true new constant of spacetime on the same footing as the velocity of light? It is then…
In this methodological note we discuss some details and peculiarities of the cosmic expansion as viewed by a realistic observer. We show that the velocity $v_\Theta$ related to a change (measured by observer's clock) of the angular…