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We explore a physical model of ordered sums of integers as trains of rods. The trains for a fixed, possibly infinite, set of rod lengths naturally correspond to nodes in a tree; relations among finite linear recursions encoded in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-16 Ethan D. Bolker , Debra K. Borkovitz , Katelyn Lee

We study some essential arithmetic properties of a new tree-based number representation, {\em hereditarily binary numbers}, defined by applying recursively run-length encoding of bijective base-2 digits. Our representation expresses giant…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-06-06 Paul Tarau

In this article, we construct explicit examples of pairs of non-isomorphic trees with the same restricted $U$-polynomial for every $k$; by this we mean that the polynomials agree on terms with degree at most $k+1$. The main tool for this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-02-20 José Aliste-Prieto , Anna de Mier , José Zamora

We provide a combinatorial approach to counting the number of spanning trees at the $n$-th layer of a branched $\mathbb{Z}_p$-cover of a finite connected graph $\mathsf{X}$. Our method achieves in explaining how the position of the ramified…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-22 Debanjana Kundu , Katharina Mueller

We arrange the orders in an algebraic number field in a tree. This tree can be used to enumerate all orders of bounded index in the maximal order as well as the orders over some given order.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-11-14 Markus Kirschmer , Jürgen Klüners

The number of "nonequivalent" Huffman codes of length r over an alphabet of size t has been studied frequently. Equivalently, the number of "nonequivalent" complete t-ary trees has been examined. We first survey the literature, unifying…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-09 Christian Elsholtz , Clemens Heuberger , Helmut Prodinger

Treewidth is a well-known graph invariant with multiple interesting applications in combinatorics. On the practical side, many NP-complete problems are polynomial-time (sometimes even linear-time) solvable on graphs of bounded treewidth. On…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-13 Zoltan A. Kocsis , Benjamin Merlin Bumpus

The classical matrix tree theorem relates the number of spanning trees of a connected graph with the product of the nonzero eigenvalues of its Laplacian matrix. The class of regular matroids generalizes that of graphical matroids, and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-05-12 Aaron Dall , Julian Pfeifle

We define and study the Tutte polynomial of a hyperplane arrangement. We introduce a method for computing it by solving an enumerative problem in a finite field. For specific arrangements, the computation of Tutte polynomials is then…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Federico Ardila

The Exponential Formula allows one to enumerate any class of combinatorial objects built by choosing a set of connected components and placing a structure on each connected component which depends only on its size. There are multiple…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-10 Robert Moerman , Lauren K. Williams

We give closed form expressions for the numbers of multi-rooted plane trees with specified degrees of root vertices. This results in an infinite number of integer sequences some of which are known to have an alternative interpretation. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Anwar Al Ghabra , K. Gopala Krishna , Patrick Labelle , Vasilisa Shramchenko

Reduction trees are a way of encoding a substitution procedure dictated by the relations of an algebra. We use reduction trees in the subdivision algebra to construct canonical triangulations of flow polytopes which are shellable. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-16 Karola Mészáros

We discuss a notion of convergence for binary trees that is based on subtree sizes. In analogy to recent developments in the theory of graphs, posets and permutations we investigate some general aspects of the topology, such as a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-14 Rudolf Grübel

Harary and Lauri conjectured that the class reconstruction number of trees is 2, that is, each tree has two unlabelled vertex-deleted subtrees that are not both in the deck of any other tree. We show that each tree $T$ can be reconstructed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Ilia Krasikov , Yehuda Roditty , Bhalchandra D. Thatte

The Matrix-Tree Theorem states that the number of spanning trees of a graph is given by the absolute value of any cofactor of the Laplacian matrix of the graph. We propose a very short proof of this result which amounts to comparing Taylor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-14 Amitai Netser Zernik

Several hook summation formulae for binary trees have appeared recently in the literature. In this paper we present an analogous formula for unordered increasing trees of size r, which involves r parameters. The right-hand side can be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-04-22 Valentin Féray , I. P. Goulden

A compacted binary tree is a directed acyclic graph encoding a binary tree in which common subtrees are factored and shared, such that they are represented only once. We show that the number of compacted binary trees of size $n$ grows…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Andrew Elvey Price , Wenjie Fang , Michael Wallner

Reverse search is a convenient method for enumerating structured objects, that can be used both to address theoretical issues and to solve data mining problems. This method has already been successfully developed to handle unordered trees.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Florian Ingels , Romain Azaïs

Given two rooted, ordered, and labeled trees $P$ and $T$ the tree inclusion problem is to determine if $P$ can be obtained from $T$ by deleting nodes in $T$. This problem has recently been recognized as an important query primitive in XML…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-01-19 Philip Bille , Inge Li Goertz

We study the enumeration problem for different kind of tree parking functions introduced recently, called tree parking functions, tree parking distributions, prime tree parking functions, and prime tree parking distributions, for rooted…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Alois Panholzer