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The complex Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos (or complex GMC) is informally defined as a random measure $e^{\gamma X} \mathrm{d} x$ where $X$ is a log correlated Gaussian field on $\mathbb R^d$ and $\gamma=\alpha+i\beta$ is a complex…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-05-29 Hubert Lacoin

We consider log-correlated random fields $X$ and the associated multiplicative chaos measures $\mu_{\gamma,X}$. Our results reconstruct the underlying field $X$ from the multiplicative chaos measure $\nu_{\gamma,X}$. The new feature of our…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-09-02 Sami Vihko

Given $d\ge 1$, we provide a construction of the random measure - the critical Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos - formally defined $e^{\sqrt{2d}X}\mathrm{d} \mu$ where $X$ is a $\log$-correlated Gaussian field and $\mu$ is a locally finite…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-13 Hubert Lacoin

The aim of this review-style paper is to provide a concise, self-contained and unified presentation of the construction and main properties of Gaussian multiplicative chaos (GMC) measures for log-correlated fields in 2D in the subcritical…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-30 Juhan Aru

We show that, for general convolution approximations to a large class of log-correlated Gaussian fields, the properly normalised supercritical Gaussian multiplicative chaos measures converge stably to a nontrivial limit. This limit depends…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Federico Bertacco , Martin Hairer

A completely elementary and self-contained proof of convergence of Gaussian multiplicative chaos is given. The argument shows further that the limiting random measure is nontrivial in the entire subcritical phase $(\gamma < \sqrt{2d})$ and…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-10-31 Nathanaël Berestycki

Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos (GMC) is informally defined as a random measure $e^{\gamma X} \mathrm{d} x$ where $X$ is Gaussian field on $\mathbb R^d$ (or an open subset of it) whose correlation function is of the form $ K(x,y)= \log…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-23 Hubert Lacoin

In this article, we study complex Gaussian multiplicative chaos. More precisely, we study the renormalization theory and the limit of the exponential of a complex log-correlated Gaussian field in all dimensions (including Gaussian Free…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-02-17 Hubert Lacoin , Rémi Rhodes , Vincent Vargas

Consider a logarithmically-correlated Gaussian field $X$ in $d$ dimensions. For all $\gamma \in (-\sqrt{2d},\sqrt{2d})$, we show that the derivatives $\frac{\partial^k}{\partial\gamma^k} :e^{\gamma X_\epsilon}:$ of the regularised Gaussian…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-01-28 Antoine Jego

We consider $N\times N$ matrices $X$ with independent, identically distributed entries, and prove that the sequence of measures $\frac{ | \det (X-z)|^\gamma}{\mathbb{E}[ | \det (X-z)|^\gamma]}$ converge to the Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-29 Giorgio Cipolloni , Benjamin Landon

We study how the Gaussian multiplicative chaos (GMC) measures $\mu^\gamma$ corresponding to the 2D Gaussian free field change when $\gamma$ approaches the critical parameter $2$. In particular, we show that as $\gamma\to 2^{-}$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-14 Juhan Aru , Ellen Powell , Avelio Sepúlveda

We show that, for general convolution approximations to a large class of log-correlated fields, including the 2d Gaussian free field, the critical chaos measures with derivative normalisation converge to a limiting measure {\mu}'. This…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-11-24 Ellen Powell

This paper is concerned with the construction of atomic Gaussian multiplicative chaos and the KPZ formula in Liouville quantum gravity. On the first hand, we construct purely atomic random measures corresponding to values of the parameter…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-06-04 Julien Barral , Xiong Jin , Rémi Rhodes , Vincent Vargas

In the present paper, we show that (under some minor technical assumption) Complex Gaussian Multiplicative Chaos defined as the complex exponential of a $\log$-correlated Gaussian field can be obtained by taking the limit of the exponential…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-12-01 Hubert Lacoin

We propose a new definition of the Gaussian multiplicative chaos (GMC) and an approach based on the relation of subcritical GMC to randomized shifts of a Gaussian measure. Using this relation we prove general uniqueness and convergence…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-05-30 Alexander Shamov

We consider Gaussian multiplicative chaos measures defined in a general setting of metric measure spaces. Uniqueness results are obtained, verifying that different sequences of approximating Gaussian fields lead to the same chaos measure.…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-29 Janne Junnila , Eero Saksman

We construct and study properties of an infinite dimensional analog of Kahane's theory of Gaussian multiplicative chaos \cite{K85}. Namely, if $H_T(\omega)$ is a random field defined w.r.t. space-time white noise $\dot B$ and integrated…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-09 Rodrigo Bazaes , Isabel Lammers , Chiranjib Mukherjee

Let $\alpha$ be a Steinhaus random multiplicative function. For a wide class of multiplicative functions $f$ we construct a multiplicative chaos measure arising from the Dirichlet series of $\alpha f$, in the whole $L^1$-regime. Our method…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-16 Ofir Gorodetsky , Mo Dick Wong

This review-style article presents an overview of recent progress in constructing and studying critical Gaussian multiplicative chaos. A proof that the critical measure in any dimension can be obtained as a limit of subcritical measures is…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-03 Ellen Powell

For an $N \times N$ random unitary matrix $U_N$, we consider the random field defined by counting the number of eigenvalues of $U_N$ in a mesoscopic arc of the unit circle, regularized at an $N$-dependent scale $\epsilon_N>0$. We prove that…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-04-20 Gaultier Lambert , Dmitry Ostrovsky , Nick Simm
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