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We compute the stationary in-degree probability, $P_{in}(k)$, for a growing network model with directed edges and arbitrary out-degree probability. In particular, under preferential linking, we find that if the nodes have a light tail…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-10-21 Daniel Fraiman

The question is: What does happen to the real-world networks which cause them not to grow permanently? The idea here is that real-world networks have to pay the cost of growth. We investigate the growth and trade-off between value and cost…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-08-18 Sheida Hasani , Razieh Masoomi , Jamshid Ardalankia , Mohammadbashir Sedighi , Hamid Jafari

We introduce a growing network model in which a new node attaches to a randomly-selected node, as well as to all ancestors of the target node. This mechanism produces a sparse, ultra-small network where the average node degree grows…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 P. L. Krapivsky , S. Redner

We consider a growing network, whose growth algorithm is based on the preferential attachment typical for scale-free constructions, but where the long-range bonds are disadvantaged. Thus, the probability to get connected to a site at…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-07 R. Xulvi-Brunet , I. M. Sokolov

The way in which a social network is generated, in terms of how individuals attach to each other, determines the properties of the resulting network. Here we study an intuitively appealing `friend of a friend' model, where a network is…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-04-23 Tiffany Y. Y. Lo , Watson Levens , David J. T. Sumpter

Complex systems, ranging from soft materials to wireless communication, are often organised as random geometric networks in which nodes and edges evenly fill up the volume of some space. Studying such networks is difficult because they…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-19 Ivan Kryven , Rik Versendaal

Preferential attachment, homophily and, their consequences such as the glass ceiling effect have been well-studied in the context of undirected networks. However, the lack of an intuitive, theoretically tractable model of a directed,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Buddhika Nettasinghe , Nazanin Alipourfard , Vikram Krishnamurthy , Kristina Lerman

The degree distribution is a key statistical indicator in network theory, often used to understand how information spreads across connected nodes. In this paper, we focus on non-growing networks formed through a rewiring algorithm and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-11 Jonathan Franceschi , Lorenzo Pareschi , Mattia Zanella

Motivated by data on the evolution of the Internet and World Wide Web we consider scenarios of self-organization of the nonlinearly growing networks into free-scale structures. We find that the accelerating growth of the networks…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-31 S. N. Dorogovtsev , J. F. F. Mendes

Identifying the generating mechanism of a network is challenging as, more often than not, only snapshots are available, but not the full evolution. One candidate for the generating mechanism is preferential attachment which, in its simplest…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-07 Thomas Boughen , Clement Lee , Vianey Palacios Ramirez

The effects of link rewiring are considered for the class of directed networks where each node has the same fixed out-degree. We model a network generated by three mechanisms that are present in various networked systems; growth, global…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-06-22 Ewan R. Colman , Geoff J. Rodgers

The spread of infectious disease in a human community or the proliferation of fake news on social media can be modeled as a randomly growing tree-shaped graph. The history of the random growth process is often unobserved but contains…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-01-15 Harry Crane , Min Xu

We present exact results for the degree distribution in a directed network model that grows by node duplication (ND). Such models are useful in the study of the structure and growth dynamics of gene regulatory networks and scientific…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-08-21 Chanania Steinbock , Ofer Biham , Eytan Katzav

We consider a general class of preferential attachment schemes evolving by a reinforcement rule with respect to certain sublinear weights. In these schemes, which grow a random network, the sequence of degree distributions is an object of…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-02-19 Jihyeok Choi , Sunder Sethuraman , Shankar C. Venkataramani

Preferential attachment is commonly invoked to explain the emergence of those heavy-tailed degree distributions characteristic of growing network representations of diverse real-world phenomena. Experimentally confirming this hypothesis in…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Thong Pham , Paul Sheridan , Hidetoshi Shimodaira

In many social complex systems, in which agents are linked by non-linear interactions, the history of events strongly influences the whole network dynamics. However, a class of "commonly accepted beliefs" seems rarely studied. In this…

We consider distributed networks, such as peer-to-peer networks, whose structure can be manipulated by adjusting the rules by which vertices enter and leave the network. We focus in particular on degree distributions and show that, with…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-10-18 Gourab Ghoshal , M. E. J. Newman

We consider random graphs with a given degree sequence and show, under weak technical conditions, asymptotic normality of the number of components isomorphic to a given tree, first for the random multigraph given by the configuration model…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-02-01 Svante Janson

We study frequency allocation in wireless networks. A wireless network is modeled by an undirected graph, with vertices corresponding to cells. In each vertex we have a certain number of requests, and each of those requests must be assigned…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2011-02-17 Marek Chrobak , Łukasz Jeż , Jiří Sgall

We discuss a model for evolutionary game dynamics in a growing, network-structured population. In our model, new players can either make connections to random preexisting players or preferentially attach to those that have been successful…

Physics and Society · Physics 2015-05-13 J. Poncela , J. Gomez-Gardenes , A. Traulsen , Y. Moreno