Related papers: Freeze-out Conditions from Lattice QCD
We present realistic equations of state for QCD matter at vanishing net-baryon density which embed recent lattice QCD results at high temperatures combined with a hadron resonance gas model in the low-temperature, confined phase. In the…
I summarize recent lattice results on QCD at finite temperatures and densities. Studies on the nature of the QCD transition at the physical point, continuum extra polations of thermodynamic quantities, and new calculations of hadronic…
The ultimate aim of high energy heavy ion collisions is to study quark deconfinement and the quark-gluon plasma predicted by quantum chromodynamics. This requires the identification of observables calculable in QCD and measurable in heavy…
We calculate electric and baryonic charge fluctuations on the lattice. Results have been obtained with the highly improved staggered quark action (HISQ) and almost physical quark masses on lattices with spacial extent of $N_\tau=6,8,12$.…
QCD matter at finite temperature and density is a subject that has witnessed very impressive theoretical developments in the recent years. In this review I will discuss some new insights on the microscopic degrees of freedom of the QCD…
One of the most remarkable results to emerge from heavy-ion collisions over the past two decades is the striking regularity shown by particle yields at all energies. This has led to several very successful proposals describing particle…
We present lattice QCD calculations of higher order cumulants of electric charge distributions for small baryon chemical potentials $\mu_B$ by using up to NNNLO Taylor expansions. Ratios of these cumulants are evaluated on the…
Cumulants of conserved charges fluctuations are regarded as a potential tool to study the criticality in the QCD phase diagram and to determine the freeze-out parameters in a model-independent way. At LHC energies, the measurements of the…
The relevance of higher order cumulants of conserved charges for the analysis of freeze-out and critical conditions in heavy ion collisions at LHC and RHIC is discussed. Using properties of $O(4)$ scaling functions, the generic structure of…
We show that the simultaneous measurement of yields and fluctuations in heavy ion collisions is capable of falsifying and constraining the statistical hadronization model. We show how such a measurement can test for chemical…
Fluctuations of conserved quantities in heavy-ion collisions have been argued to be diagnostic tools for the nature of the produced phase. These can be related to the predictions of quark number susceptibilities (QNS) from lattice QCD.…
The current understanding of finite temperature phase transitions in QCD is reviewed. A critical discussion of refined phase transition criteria in numerical lattice simulations and of analytical tools going beyond the mean-field level in…
Detailed knowledge of the hadronic spectrum is still an open question, which has phenomenological consequences on the study of heavy-ion collisions. A previous lattice QCD study concluded that additional strange resonances are missing in…
We propose the entropy density as the thermodynamic condition driving best the chemical freeze-out in heavy-ion collisions. Taking its value from lattice calculations at zero chemical potential, we find that it is excellent in reproducing…
After some historic remarks and a brief summary of recent theoretical news about the QCD phases, we turn to the issue of $freeze-out$ in heavy ion collisions. We argue that the chemical freeze-out line should actually consists of two…
A brief review is presented of the status of the thermal model and chemical freeze-out in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Some interewsting aspects at lower energies are emphasized.
In order to compare theoretical calculations of thermal fluctuations of conserved quantities, such as charge susceptibilities or the specific heat, to experimentally measured correlations and fluctuations in heavy ion collisions, one must…
The event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions carry information about the thermodynamic properties of the hadronic system at the time of freeze-out. By studying these fluctuations as a function of varying control parameters, such…
The dynamic separation into phases of high and low baryon density in a heavy ion collision can enhance fluctuations of the net rapidity density of baryons compared to model expectations. We demonstrate that event-by-event proton and…
A remarkable progress has been made in the understanding of the hot and dense QCD matter using lattice gauge theory. The issues which are very well understood as well those which require both conceptual as well as algorithmic advances are…