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The extension of coherent $\omega$-$2\omega$ control schemes, recently implemented in free-electron lasers (FELs), to molecular systems offers new opportunities to control chemical dynamics on the electronic timescale, potentially allowing…
Multiple reflection of X-rays may be important when an accretion disc and its hot corona have a complicated geometry, or if returning radiation due to gravitational light bending is important, or in emission from a funnel such as proposed…
Relativistic interaction of short-pulse lasers with underdense plasmas has recently led to the emergence of a novel generation of femtosecond x-ray sources. Based on radiation from electrons accelerated in plasma, these sources have the…
The analysis of the Chandra X-ray observations of the gravitationally lensed quasar RX J1131-1231 revealed the detection of multiple and energy-variable spectral peaks. The spectral variability is thought to result from the microlensing of…
Single-shot absorption measurements have been performed using the multi-keV X-rays generated by a laser wakefield accelerator. A 200 TW laser was used to drive a laser wakefield accelerator in a mode which produced broadband electron beams…
The focus of this article is on providing compact analytical expressions for the differential number of polarization flipped signal photons constituting the signal of vacuum birefringence in the head-on collision of x-ray free electron…
Bright Ar K-shell x-ray with very little background has been generated using an Ar clustering gas jet target irradiated with an 800 mJ, 30 fs ultra-high contrast laser, with the measured flux of 1.1 x 10^4 photons/mrad^2/pulse. This intense…
We describe a compact THz-pump and X-ray-probe beamline, based on an electron linac, for ultrafast time-resolved diffraction applications. Two high-energy electron ($\gamma>50$) bunches, $5~$ns apart, impinge upon a single-foil or a…
In \v{C}erenkov and Smith-Purcell free-electron lasers (FELs), a resonant interaction between the electron beam and the co-propagating surface mode can produce copious amount of coherent terahertz (THz) radiation. We perform a…
We present first results from a new technique for the prediction of Fe K$\alpha$ profiles directly from general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations. Data from a GRMHD simulation are processed by a Monte Carlo global…
Accelerator-based X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) are the latest addition to the revolutionary tools of discovery for the 21st century. The two major components of an XFEL are an accelerator-produced electron beam and a magnetic…
We experimentally demonstrate the resonance fluorescence of a two-level artificial atom strongly coupled to a single-mode cavity field. The effect was theoretically predicted thirty years ago by Savage [Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1376 (1989)].…
We investigate the iron K$\alpha$ fluorescent line produced by hard X-ray photons from magnetic reconnection-heated corona. The hot corona with temperature being about $10^9$K can irradiate the underlying disk with a continuum X-ray…
Modern x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) produce x-ray pulses of exceptional transverse coherence. This is due largely to the process of optical guiding by which the radiation is both refractively guided by the bunched electron beam and…
Short wavelength Free-Electron Lasers (FELs) are the newest light sources available to scientists to probe a wide range of phenomena, with chemical, physical and biological applications, using soft and hard X-rays. These sources include the…
The features of Betatron x-ray emission produced in a laser-plasma accelerator are closely linked to the properties of the relativistic electrons which are at the origin of the radiation. While in interaction regimes explored previously the…
Serial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) captures the structure and dynamics of biological macromolecules at high spatial and temporal resolutions. The ultrashort pulse produced by an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) 'outruns' much of…
Laser Plasma Acceleration (LPA) [1] is an emerging concept enabling to generate electron beams with high energy, high peak current and small transverse emittance within a very short distance. The use of LPA can be applied to the Free…
Resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS) is a widely used spectroscopic technique, providing access to the electronic structure and dynamics of atoms, molecules, and solids. However, RIXS requires a narrow bandwidth x-ray probe to achieve…
The photoelectric effect is not truly instantaneous, but exhibits attosecond delays that can reveal complex molecular dynamics. Sub-femtosecond duration light pulses provide the requisite tools to resolve the dynamics of photoionization.…