Related papers: On a surface singular braid monoid

In this paper, we study surfaces embedded in $4$-manifolds. We give a complete set of moves relating banded unlink diagrams of isotopic surfaces in an arbitrary $4$-manifold. This extends work of Swenton and Kearton-Kurlin in $S^4$. As an…

Fintushel and Stern have proved that if S \subset X is a symplectic surface in a symplectic 4-manifold such that S has simply-connected complement and nonnegative self-intersection, then there are infinitely many topologically equivalent…

This article is concerned with locally flatly immersed surfaces in simply-connected $4$-manifolds where the complement of the surface has fundamental group $\mathbb{Z}$. Once the genus and number of double points are fixed, we classify such…

We consider a surface link in the 4-space which can be presented by a simple branched covering over the standard torus, which we call a torus-covering link. Torus-covering links include spun $T^2$-knots and turned spun $T^2$-knots. In this…

We show that the morphisms from the braid group with n strands in the mapping class group of a surface with a possible non empty boundary, assuming that its genus is smaller or equal to n/2 are either cyclic morphisms (their images are…

A knot (or link) diagram is said to be everywhere equivalent if all the diagrams obtained by switching one crossing represent the same knot (or link). We classify such diagrams of a closed 3-braid.

We estimate the number of lines on a non-K3 quartic surface. Such a surface with only isolated double point(s) contains at most twenty lines; this bound is attained by a unique configuration of lines and by a surface with a certain limited…

Let M be a compact connected orientable 3-manifold, with non-empty boundary that contains no 2-spheres. We investigate the existence of two properly embedded disjoint surfaces S_1 and S_2 such that M - (S_1 \cup S_2) is connected. We show…

We give examples of knots with some unusual properties of the crossing number of positive diagrams or strand number of positive braid representations. In particular we show that positive braid knots may not have positive minimal (strand…

The Helon model identifies Standard Model quarks and leptons with certain framed braids joined together at both ends by a connecting node (disk). These surfaces with boundary are called braided 3-belts (or simply belts). Twisting and…

We present a new, practical algorithm to test whether a knot complement contains a closed essential surface. This property has important theoretical and algorithmic consequences; however, systematically testing it has until now been…

The untwisting number of a knot K is the minimum number of null-homologous twists required to convert K to the unknot. Such a twist can be viewed as a generalization of a crossing change, since a classical crossing change can be effected by…

We classify homomorphisms from the braid group on $n$ strands to the pure mapping class group of a nonoriantable surface of genus $g$. For $n\ge 14$ and $g\le 2\lfloor{n/2}\rfloor+1$ every such homomorphism is either cyclic, or it maps…

In this paper we define a monoid of pseudo braids and prove that this monoid is isomorphic to a singular braid monoid. We also prove an analogue of Markov's theorem for pseudo braids.

Our main result has topological, combinatorial and computational flavor. It is motivated by a fundamental conjecture stating that computing Khovanov homology of a closed braid of fixed number of strands has polynomial time complexity. We…

The main result of this paper is a negative answer to the question: are all transversal knot types transversally simple? An explicit infinite family of examples is given of closed 3-braids that define transversal knot types that are not…

In this paper, we study edge-transitive surfaces, i.e. triangulated 2-dimensional manifolds whose automorphism groups act transitively on the edges of these triangulated surfaces. We show that there exist four types of edge-transitive…

In this paper, we analyze embeddings of grid graphs on orientable surfaces. We determine the genus of a large class of k-dimensional grid graphs and effective two-sided bounds for the genus of any 3-dimensional grid graph, both in terms of…

In earlier papers we introduced a representation of isotopy classes of compact surfaces embedded in the three-sphere by so called rectangular diagrams. The formalism proved useful for comparing Legendrian knots. The aim of this paper is to…

Polyak proved that all oriented versions of Reidemeister moves for knot and link diagrams can be generated by a set of just four oriented Reidemeister moves, and that no fewer than four oriented Reidemeister moves generate them all. We…