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The swimming velocity and rate of dissipation of a linear chain consisting of two or three little spheres and a big sphere is studied on the basis of low Reynolds number hydrodynamics. The big sphere is treated as a passive cargo, driven by…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2015-06-22 B. U. Felderhof

Active flexible filaments form the classical continuum framework for modelling the locomotion of spermatozoa and algae driven by the periodic oscillation of flagella. This framework also applies to the locomotion of various artificial…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-10-14 John Severn , Eric Lauga

Unlike macroscopic swimmers, microswimmers operate in a low-Reynolds-number regime dominated by viscous forces. This paper investigates the controllability of a magnetic microswimmer composed of a spherical magnetic head and an elastic,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Lucas Palazzolo , Mickaël Binois , Laëtitia Giraldi

Many different microswimmers propel themselves using flagella that beat periodically. The shape of the flagellar beat and swimming speed have been observed to change with fluid rheology. We quantify changes in the flagellar waveforms of…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-02-25 Kelli E. Gutierrez , Becca Thomases , Paulo E. Arratia , Robert D. Guy

Artificial microswimmers, nano and microrobots, are essential in many applications from engineering to biology and medicine. We present a Stokesian Dynamics study of the dynamical properties and efficiency of one of the simplest artificial…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-03-04 I. Berdakin , V. I. Marconi , Adolfo J. Banchio

We examine swimmers comprising of two rigid spheres which oscillate periodically along their axis of symmetry, considering both when the oscillation is in phase and anti-phase, and study the effects of fluid viscoelasticity on their net…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2018-09-13 Charu Datt , Babak Nasouri , Gwynn J. Elfring

We address the problem of controlling a dynamical system governing the motion of a 3D weighted shape changing body swimming in a perfect fluid. The rigid displacement of the swimmer results from the exchange of momentum between prescribed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2011-03-30 Thomas Chambrion , Alexandre Munnier

Active diffusiophoresis - swimming through interaction with a self-generated, neutral, solute gradient - is a paradigm for autonomous motion at the micrometer scale. We study this propulsion mechanism within a linear response theory.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-30 Benedikt Sabass , Udo Seifert

We study the motion of a microscopic swimmer composed of a semiflexible polymer anchored at the surface of a magnetic sphere using hydrodynamic simulations and scaling arguments. The swimmer is driven by a rotating magnetic field, and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Alexander-Katz

The dynamics and motion of multi-ciliated microswimmers with a spherical body and a small number N (with 5 < N < 60) of cilia with length comparable to the body radius, is investigated by mesoscale hydrodynamics simulations. A metachronal…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-06-03 Sebastian Rode , Jens Elgeti , Gerhard Gompper

Swimming in low-Reynolds-number fluids requires the breaking of time-reversal symmetry and centrosymmetry. Microswimmers, often with asymmetric shapes, exhibit nonreciprocal motions or exploit nonequilibrium processes to propel. The role of…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-07-20 Sung-Jo Kim , Žiga Kos , Eujin Um , Joonwoo Jeong

Recent experiments on the green alga Chlamydomonas that swims using synchronized beating of a pair of flagella have revealed that it exhibits a run-and-tumble behavior similar to that of bacteria such as E. Coli. Using a simple purely…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2015-06-12 Rachel R. Bennett , Ramin Golestanian

Traditional locomotion strategies become ineffective at low Reynolds numbers, where viscous forces predominate over inertial forces. To adapt, microorganisms have evolved specialized structures like cilia and flagella for efficient…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Nnamdi C. Chikere , Sofia Lozano Voticky , Quang D. Tran , Yasemin Ozkan-Aydin

Single flagellated bacteria are ubiquitous in nature. They exhibit various swimming modes using their flagella to explore complex surroundings such as soil and porous polymer networks. Some single-flagellated bacteria swim with two distinct…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-11-20 H. Gidituri , M. Ellero , F. Balboa Usabiaga

A growing body of work aims at designing and testing micron-scale synthetic swimmers. One method, inspired by the locomotion of flagellated bacteria, consists of applying a rotating magnetic field to a rigid, helically-shaped, propeller…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2014-02-17 Yi Man , Eric Lauga

External forces acting on a microswimmer can feed back on its self-propulsion mechanism. We discuss this load response for a generic microswimmer that swims by cyclic shape changes. We show that the change in cycle frequency is proportional…

Biological Physics · Physics 2018-05-02 Benjamin M. Friedrich

We present an automated procedure for the design of optimal actuation for flagellar magnetic microswimmers based on numerical optimization. Using this method, a new magnetic actuation method is provided which allows these devices to swim…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2020-04-22 Yacine El Alaoui-Faris , Jean-Baptiste Pomet , Stéphane Régnier , Laetitia Giraldi

Small objects can swim by generating around them fields or gradients which in turn induce fluid motion past their surface by phoretic surface effects. We quantify for arbitrary swimmer shapes and surface patterns, how efficient swimming…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-13 R. Golestanian , T. B. Liverpool , A. Ajdari

The ability of microswimmers to deploy optimal propulsion strategies is of paramount importance for their locomotory performance and survival at low Reynolds numbers. Although for perfectly spherical swimmers minimum dissipation requires a…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2021-07-13 Abdallah Daddi-Moussa-Ider , Babak Nasouri , Andrej Vilfan , Ramin Golestanian

We analyse weak and strong controllability notions for the locomotion of the 3-link Purcell's swimmer, the simplest possible swimmer at low Reynolds number from a geometric framework. After revisiting a purely kinematic form of the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-22 Sudin Kadam , Ravi Banavar