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Shape dynamics is a completely background-independent universal framework of dynamical theories from which all absolute elements have been eliminated. For particles, only the variables that describe the shapes of the instantaneous particle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-05-03 Julian Barbour

Shape Dynamics is a 3D conformally invariant theory of gravity which possesses a large set of solutions in common with General Relativity. When looked closely, these solutions are found to behave in surprising ways, so in order to probe the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-09-14 Daniel C. Guariento , Flavio Mercati

Shape Dynamics is a formulation of General Relativity where refoliation invariance is traded for local spatial conformal invariance. In this paper we explicitly construct Shape Dynamics for a torus universe in 2+1 dimensions through a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-08-06 Timothy Budd , Tim Koslowski

Shape Dynamics is a theory of gravity that replaces refoliation invariance for spatial Weyl invariance. Those solutions of the Einstein equations that have global, constant mean curvature slicings, are mirrored by solutions in Shape…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Henrique Gomes

Relational formulations of classical mechanics and gravity have been developed by Julian Barbour and collaborators. Crucial to these formulations is the notion of shape space. We indicate here that the metric structure of shape space allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-30 Detlef Dürr , Sheldon Goldstein , Nino Zanghí

`Shape dynamics' is meant here in the sense of a type of conformogeometrical reformulation of GR, some of which have of late been considered as generalizations of or alternatives to GR. This note concerns in particular cases based on the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-22 Edward Anderson

The notion of "reference frame" is a central theoretical construct for interpreting the physical implications of spacetime diffeomorphism invariance in General Relativity. However, the alternative formulation of classical General Relativity…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-18 Sean Gryb

The absence of unique time evolution in Einstein's spacetime description of gravity leads to the hitherto unresolved `problem of time' in quantum gravity. Shape Dynamics is an objectively equivalent representation of gravity that trades…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-15 Julian Barbour , Tim Koslowski , Flavio Mercati

We present a scale-invariant theory, conformal gravity, which closely resembles the geometrodynamical formulation of general relativity (GR). While previous attempts to create scale-invariant theories of gravity have been based on Weyl's…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-08-23 Edward Anderson , Julian Barbour , Brendan Foster , Niall O'Murchadha

A suite of relational notions of shape are presented at the level of configuration space geometry, with corresponding new theories of shape mechanics and shape statistics. These further generalize two quite well known examples: --1)…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-04-13 Edward Anderson

Gravity, and the puzzle regarding its energy, can be understood from a gauge theory perspective. Gravity, i.e., dynamical spacetime geometry, can be considered as a local gauge theory of the symmetry group of Minkowski spacetime: the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-01-30 Chiang-Mei Chen , James M. Nester

The notion of shape space was introduced in the second half of the 20th Century as a useful analytical tool for tackling problems related to the intrinsic spatial configuration of material systems. In recent years, the geometrical…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-05-15 Antonio Vassallo

Using a BRST treatment, we show that the equivalence of General Relativity and Shape Dynamics can be extended to a theory that respects the BRST-symmetries of General Relativity as well as the ones of an extended version of Shape Dynamics.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-06-22 Henrique Gomes , Tim Koslowski

The evolution of a generally covariant theory is under-determined. One hundred years ago such dynamics had never before been considered; its ramifications were perplexing, its future important role for all the fundamental interactions under…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-11-23 James M. Nester , Chiang-Mei Chen

Shape dynamics is a classical theory of gravity which agrees with general relativity in many important aspects, but which possesses different gauge symmetries and can present some fundamental global differences with respect to Einstein…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-10-07 Henrique Gomes , Gabriel Herczeg

We describe a completely general and fully non-perturbative framework for constructing dynamical reference frames in generally covariant theories, and for understanding the gauge-invariant observables that they yield. Our approach makes use…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-06-06 Christophe Goeller , Philipp A. Hoehn , Josh Kirklin

We reformulate an approach fist given by Barbour and Bertotti (BB) for implementing Mach's principle for nonrelativistic particles. This reformulation can deal with arbitrary symmetry groups and finite group elements. Applying these…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-14 Sean B. Gryb

Barbour's response to our recent paper on "Mach's principle and higher-dimensional dynamics" describes an approach to Mach's principle in which the universe as a whole is involved in the definition of inertial frames of reference. Moreover,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-30 B. Mashhoon , P. S. Wesson

The purpose of this contribution is to elucidate some of the properties of Shape Dynamics (SD) and is largely based on a recent longer article. We shall point out some of the key differences between SD and related theoretical constructions,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-03-04 Henrique Gomes , Tim Koslowski

The general framework of entropic dynamics is used to formulate a relational quantum dynamics. The main new idea is to use tools of information geometry to develop an entropic measure of the mismatch between successive configurations of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-11 Selman Ipek , Ariel Caticha