Related papers: Toward a Comprehensive Model of Snow Crystal Growt…
This monograph reviews our current understanding of the physical dynamics of ice crystal growth, focusing on the spontaneous formation of complex structures from water vapor (called snow crystals) as a function of temperature,…
I examine the molecular dynamics of ice growth from water vapor, focusing on how the attachment kinetics can be augmented by edge-dependent surface diffusion. Although there are significant uncertainties in developing an accurate physical…
We examine the molecular dynamics of crystal growth in the presence of surface melting and surface impurities, and from this propose a detailed microscopic model for the growth of ice from the vapor phase. Our model naturally accounts for…
I describe a semi-empirical molecular model of the surface attachment kinetics governing ice crystal growth from water vapor as a function of temperature, supersaturation, and crystal mesostructure. An important new hypothesis in this model…
We present measurements of the diffusion-limited growth of ice crystals from water vapor at different supersaturation levels in air at a temperature of -15 C. Starting with thin, c-axis ice needle crystals, the subsequent growth…
We describe a novel crystal growth instability that enhances the development of thin edges, promoting the formation of plate-like or hollow columnar morphologies. This instability arises when diffusion-limited growth is coupled with…
I examine a variety snow crystal growth experiments performed at temperatures near -2 C, as a function of supersaturation, background gas pressure, and crystal morphology. Although the different experimental data were obtained using quite…
We examine ice crystal growth from water vapor at temperatures near the melting point, when surface premelting creates a quasiliquid layer at the solid/vapor interface. Recent ice growth measurements as a function of vapor supersaturation…
We present a series of experiments investigating the growth of ice crystals from water vapor in the presence of a background gas. We measured growth dynamics at temperatures ranging from -2 C to -25 C, at supersaturations between 0.5 and 30…
I describe a new approach to the classification of snow crystal morphologies that focuses on the most common growth behaviors that appear in normal air under conditions of constant applied temperature and water-vapor supersaturation. The…
I examine a variety of snow crystal growth measurements taken at a temperature of -5 C, as a function of supersaturation, background gas pressure, and crystal morphology. Both plate-like and columnar prismatic forms are observed under…
This paper presents a matrix of 206 snow crystal growth observations as a function of temperature and water vapor supersaturation in air, each illustrating the morphology and size of a crystal forming on the tip of an isolated c-axis ice…
Facetted growth of snow crystals leads to a rich diversity of forms, and exhibits a remarkable sixfold symmetry. Snow crystal structures result from diffusion limited crystal growth in the presence of anisotropic surface energy and…
We propose a new type of morphological instability in the diffusion-limited growth of faceted crystals from the vapor phase that can explain the formation of thin ice plates at temperatures near -15 C. The instability appears when the…
We present observations of the formation of plate-like snow crystals that provide evidence for an edge-enhancing crystal growth instability. This instability arises when the condensation coefficient describing the growth of an ice prism…
Convective flows coupled with solidification or melting in water bodies play a major role in shaping geophysical landscapes. Particularly in relation to the global climate warming scenario, it is essential to be able to accurately quantify…
I review published data relating to the growth of ice crystals from water vapor under various conditions, and I critically examine the different measurements to determine what useful information can be extracted from each. I show that most,…
We introduce a three-dimensional, computationally feasible, mesoscopic model for snow crystal growth, based on diffusion of vapor, anisotropic attachment, and a semi-liquid boundary layer. Several case studies are presented that faithfully…
We present an investigation of chemical influences on the growth of ice crystals from water vapor. In one set of experiments, we grew ice crystals in a vapor diffusion chamber, observing crystal morphologies at temperatures from 0 C to -25…
We present the design of a general-purpose convection chamber that produces a stable environment for studying the growth of ice crystals from water vapor in the presence of a background gas. Crystals grow in free fall inside the chamber,…