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The abundance patterns of extremely metal-poor stars preserve a fossil record of the Universe's earliest chemical enrichment by the supernova explosions from the evolution of first generation of stars, also referred to as Population III (or…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-18 Ruizheng Jiang , Haining Li , Gang Zhao , Qianfan Xing , Wenyu Xin

Some ancient, dim, metal-poor stars may have formed in the ashes of the first supernovae (SNe). If their chemical abundances can be reconciled with the elemental yields of specific Population III (Pop III) explosions, they could reveal the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-06-22 Ke-Jung Chen , Alexander Heger , Daniel J. Whalen , Takashi J. Moriya , Volker Bromm , Stan Woosley

The high sensitivity of JWST will open a new window on the end of the cosmological dark ages. Small stellar clusters, with a stellar mass of several 10^6 M_sun, and low-mass black holes (BHs), with a mass of several 10^5 M_sun should be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Zoltan Haiman

The chemical abundance patterns observed in metal-poor Galactic halo stars contain the signature of the first supernovae, and thus allows us to probe the first stars that formed in the universe. We construct a theoretical model for the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Torgny Karlsson , Jarrett L. Johnson , Volker Bromm

The cosmic near-infrared background (NIRB) offers a powerful integral probe of radiative processes at different cosmic epochs, including the pre-reionization era when metal-free, Population III (Pop III) stars first formed. While the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-09-29 Guochao Sun , Jordan Mirocha , Richard H. Mebane , Steven R. Furlanetto

The formation of the Universe's first luminous stellar structures depends on the unique conditions at "Cosmic Dawn," which are set by the underlying cosmological model and early baryonic physics. Observations suggest that high-$z$ star…

The formation of supermassive Population III stars with masses $\gtrsim$ 10,000 Msun in primeval galaxies in strong UV backgrounds at $z \sim$ 15 may be the most viable pathway to the formation of supermassive black holes by $z \sim$ 7.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-18 Ke-Jung Chen , Alexander Heger , Stan Woosley , Ann Almgren , Daniel Whalen , Jarrett Johnson

We make use of new subgrid model of turbulent mixing to accurately follow the cosmological evolution of the first stars, the mixing of their supernova ejecta, and the impact on the chemical composition of the Galactic Halo. Using the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-01-04 Richard Sarmento , Evan Scannapieco , Liubin Pan

While the modern stellar IMF shows a rapid decline with increasing mass, theoretical investigations suggest that very massive stars (>100 solar masses) may have been abundant in the early universe. Other calculations also indicate that,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 A. Heger , S. E. Woosley , I. Baraffe , T. Abel

The first primitive galaxies formed from accretion and mergers by z ~ 15, and were primarily responsible for cosmological reionization and the chemical enrichment of the early cosmos. But a few of these galaxies may have formed in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Daniel J. Whalen , Jarrett J. Johnson , Joseph Smidt , Avery Meiksin , Alexander Heger , Wesley Even , Chris L. Fryer

The initial mass function (IMF) of the first Pop III stars remains a persistent mystery. Their predicted massive nature implies the existence of stars exploding as pair-instability supernovae (PISN), but no observational evidence had been…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-07-24 Ioanna Koutsouridou , Stefania Salvadori , Ása Skúladóttir

Detection of the radiation emitted from the first galaxies at z > 10 will be made possible in the next decade, with the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). We carry out cosmological radiation hydrodynamics simulations of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Jarrett L. Johnson , Thomas H. Greif , Volker Bromm , Ralf S. Klessen , Joseph Ippolito

Population III stars were the first stars to form after the Big Bang, and are believed to have made the earliest contribution to the metal content of the universe beyond the products of the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. These stars are…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 Mikaela M. Larkin , Roman Gerasimov , Adam J. Burgasser

The first Pop III stars formed out of primordial, metal free gas, in minihalos at z>20, and kickstarted the cosmic processes of reionizaton and enrichment. While these stars are likely more massive than their enriched counterparts, the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-21 Mia Sauda Bovill , Massimo Stiavelli , Alessa Ibrahim Wiggins , Massimo Ricotti , Michele Trenti

Observing the first generation of stars, Population III (Pop III), is still a challenge even with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) due to their faintness. Instead, searching for fossil records of Pop III stars in nearby dwarf galaxies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-10-18 Teayong Lee , Myoungwon Jeon , Volker Bromm

The absence of direct high redshift observations poses a significant challenge in understanding the properties of first stars. Nonetheless, the cumulative effect of entire stellar populations can be studied with current data. In this work…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-07 Omer Zvi Katz , Diego Redigolo , Tomer Volansky

We use large-scale cosmological simulations to study the prospect of observing Population III (Pop III) bright galaxies with the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). To quantify the impact of radiative transfer (RT), we compare a simulation…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-06-27 Richard Sarmento , Evan Scannapieco

We discuss the expected properties of the first stellar generations in the Universe. We find that it is possible to discern truly primordial populations from the next generation of stars by measuring the metallicity of high-z star forming…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-11 Nino Panagia

We present 2D simulations of pair-instability supernovae considering rapid rotation during their explosion phases. Recent studies of the Pop III star formation suggested that these stars could be born with a mass scale about 100 Msun and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-01-29 Ke-Jung Chen

Supernovae are important probes of the properties of stars at high redshifts because they can be detected at early epochs and their masses can be inferred from their light curves. Finding the first cosmic explosions in the universe will…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-19 Daniel J. Whalen , Joseph Smidt , Claes-Erik Rydberg , Jarrett L. Johnson , Daniel E. Holz , Massimo Stiavelli