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A unified description of the free-space cylindrical vector beams is presented, which is an integral transformation solution to the vector Helmholtz equation and the transversality condition. The amplitude 2-form of the angular spectrum…

Optics · Physics 2009-11-13 Chun-Fang Li

The analysis of twisted (vortex) paraxial photons and electrons is fulfilled in the framework of relativistic quantum mechanics. The use of the Foldy-Wouthuysen representation radically simplifies a description of relativistic electrons and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-25 Alexander J. Silenko , Pengming Zhang , Liping Zou

In this paper we discuss some aspects of the theory of wave packets. We consider a popular non-covariant Gaussian model used in various applications and show that it predicts too slow a longitudinal dispersion rate for relativistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 D. V. Naumov

We give a definition of `coherent tangent bundles', which is an intrinsic formulation of wave fronts. In our application of coherent tangent bundles for wave fronts, the first fundamental forms and the third fundamental forms are considered…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2010-11-09 Kentaro Saji , Masaaki Umehara , Kotaro Yamada

The Lagrangian formalism is used to derive covariant equations that are suitable for use in continuously distributed matter in curved spacetime. Special attention is given to theoretical representation, in which the Lagrangian and its…

General Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Sergey G. Fedosin

Longitudinal electromagnetic fields generally become comparable with the usually dominant transverse components in strongly-focussed, non-paraxial beams. For optical vortex modes it is highlighted here how their angular momentum properties…

Optics · Physics 2021-07-07 Kayn A. Forbes , Dale Green , Garth A. Jones

We present a relationship between the Calogero-Moser particles confined in harmonic oscillator potentials and a representation theory of the infinite dimensional Lie algebra which is a semi-direct sum of Virasoro algebra and its module.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2019-04-02 N. Aizawa , K. Amakawa , S. Doi

An electromagnetic wave-packet propagating in a linear, homogeneous, and isotropic medium changes shape while its envelope travels with different velocities at different points in spacetime. In general, a wave-packet can be described as a…

Optics · Physics 2020-08-26 Masud Mansuripur

In differential-form representation, the Maxwell equations are represented by simple differential relations between the electromagnetic two-forms and source three-forms while the electromagnetic medium is defined through a constitutive…

Classical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ismo V. Lindell , Ari Sihvola

This article studies wave equations and their solutions on plane wave spacetimes of arbitrary dimension, developing the interplay among three structural layers: the Ward progressing-wave representation of solutions to the scalar wave…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-03-31 Jonathan Holland , George Sparling

The $\beta$ ensembles are a class of eigenvalue probability densities which generalise the invariant ensembles of classical random matrix theory. In the case of the Gaussian and Laguerre weights, the corresponding eigenvalue densities are…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-12-20 Peter J. Forrester , Allan K. Trinh

The propagation of electromagnetic waves in a linearly-varying index of refraction is a fundamental problem in wave physics, being relevant in fusion science for describing certain wave-based heating and diagnostic schemes. Here, an exact…

Optics · Physics 2025-04-10 N. A. Lopez

Circular-harmonic spectra are a compact representation of local image features in two dimensions. It is well known that the computational complexity of such transforms is greatly reduced when polar separability is exploited in steerable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Hugh L Kennedy

The Hermite-Gaussian (HG) modes, sometimes also referred to as transverse electromagnetic modes in free space, form a complete and orthonormal basis that have been extensively used to describe optical fields. In addition, these modes have…

A time-domain approach is proposed for the propagation of ultrashort electro- magnetic wave packets beyond the paraxial and the slowly-varying-envelope approximations. An analytical method based on perturbation theory is used to solve the…

Optics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles Varin , Michel Piché

The interaction of a wave packet (and in particular the wave front) with a mass barrier is investigated in one dimension. We discuss the main features of the wave packet that are inherent to two-dimensional wave packets, such as compression…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2012-08-08 A. Matulis , M. Ramezani Masir , F. M. Peeters

For an integrable Hamiltonian system we construct a representation of the phase space symmetry algebra over the space of functions on a Lagrangian manifold. The representation is a result of the canonical quantization of the integrable…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2013-07-09 Julia Bernatska , Petro Holod

We study the free-space propagation of products of displaced Laguerre--Gaussian beams. Each displaced factor admits an exact representation as a superposition of standard Laguerre--Gaussian beam modes through the optical analog of displaced…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-10 G. Mellado-Villaseñor , B. M. Rodríguez-Lara

It is shown that a light beam in free space is representable by an integral over a vectorial angular spectrum that is expressed in terms of an extension matrix, which describes the vectorial nature of the beam. A symmetry axis of the…

Optics · Physics 2011-11-10 Chunfang Li

Hagedorn functions are carefully constructed generalizations of Hermite functions to the setting of many-dimensional squeezed and coupled harmonic systems. Wavepackets formed by superpositions of Hagedorn functions have been successfully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-18 Jiří J. L. Vaníček , Zhan Tong Zhang