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Related papers: Simpler and Faster Lempel Ziv Factorization

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Computing the LZ factorization (or LZ77 parsing) of a string is a computational bottleneck in many diverse applications, including data compression, text indexing, and pattern discovery. We describe new linear time LZ factorization…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Juha Kärkkäinen , Dominik Kempa , Simon J. Puglisi

We present a new algorithm for computing the Lempel-Ziv Factorization (LZ77) of a given string of length $N$ in linear time, that utilizes only $N\log N + O(1)$ bits of working space, i.e., a single integer array, for constant size integer…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-10-08 Keisuke Goto , Hideo Bannai

We present a new on-line algorithm for computing the Lempel-Ziv factorization of a string that runs in $O(N\log N)$ time and uses only $O(N\log\sigma)$ bits of working space, where $N$ is the length of the string and $\sigma$ is the size of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-05-28 Jun'ichi Yamamoto , Tomohiro I , Hideo Bannai , Shunsuke Inenaga , Masayuki Takeda

Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) factorization is a fundamental problem in string processing: Greedily partition a given string $T$ from left to right into blocks (called phrases) so that each phrase is either the leftmost occurrence of a letter or the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Dominik Kempa , Tomasz Kociumaka

We propose a new approach for calculating the Lempel-Ziv factorization of a string, based on run length encoding (RLE). We present a conceptually simple off-line algorithm based on a variant of suffix arrays, as well as an on-line algorithm…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Jun'ichi Yamamoto , Hideo Bannai , Shunsuke Inenaga , Masayuki Takeda

We introduce a new approach to LZ77 factorization that uses O(n/d) words of working space and O(dn) time for any d >= 1 (for polylogarithmic alphabet sizes). We also describe carefully engineered implementations of alternative approaches to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Juha Kärkkäinen , Dominik Kempa , Simon J. Puglisi

We show that both the Lempel Ziv 77- and the 78-factorization of a text of length $n$ on an integer alphabet of size $\sigma$ can be computed in $O(n \lg \lg \sigma)$ time (linear time if we allow randomization) using $O(n \lg \sigma)$ bits…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-05-31 Dominik Köppl , Kunihiko Sadakane

We present an algorithm which computes the Lempel-Ziv factorization of a word $W$ of length $n$ on an alphabet $\Sigma$ of size $\sigma$ online in the following sense: it reads $W$ starting from the left, and, after reading each $r =…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-12-03 Tatiana Starikovskaya

We present the first worst-case linear-time algorithm to compute the Lempel-Ziv 78 factorization of a given string over an integer alphabet. Our algorithm is based on nearest marked ancestor queries on the suffix tree of the given string.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-02-02 Yuto Nakashima , Tomohiro I , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

The well-known dictionary-based algorithms of the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) 77 family are the basis of several universal lossless compression techniques. These algorithms are asymmetric regarding encoding/decoding time and memory requirements, with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-12-31 Artur Ferreira , Arlindo Oliveira , Mario Figueiredo

For both the Lempel Ziv 77- and 78-factorization we propose algorithms generating the respective factorization using $(1+\epsilon) n \lg n + O(n)$ bits (for any positive constant $\epsilon \le 1$) working space (including the space for the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-04-13 Johannes Fischer , Tomohiro I , Dominik Köppl

The Lempel-Ziv parsing of a string (LZ77 for short) is one of the most important and widely-used algorithmic tools in data compression and string processing. We show that the Lempel-Ziv parsing of a string of length $n$ on an alphabet of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Djamal Belazzougui , Simon J. Puglisi

The complexity of computing the Lempel-Ziv factorization and the set of all runs (= maximal repetitions) is studied in the decision tree model of computation over ordered alphabet. It is known that both these problems can be solved by RAM…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-09-22 Dmitry Kosolobov

The Lempel--Ziv 78 (LZ78) factorization is a well-studied technique for data compression. It and its derivatives are used in compression formats such as "compress" or "gif". Although most research focuses on the factorization of plain data,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Hiroki Shibata , Dominik Köppl

We propose algorithms computing the semi-greedy Lempel-Ziv 78 (LZ78), the Lempel-Ziv Double (LZD), and the Lempel-Ziv-Miller-Wegman (LZMW) factorizations in linear time for integer alphabets. For LZD and LZMW, we additionally propose data…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Dominik Köppl

The Lempel-Ziv 77 (LZ77) factorization is a fundamental compression scheme widely used in text processing and data compression. In this work, we investigate the time complexity of maintaining the LZ77 factorization of a dynamic string. By…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Itai Boneh , Shay Golan , Matan Kraus

For decades, computing the LZ factorization (or LZ77 parsing) of a string has been a requisite and computationally intensive step in many diverse applications, including text indexing and data compression. Many algorithms for LZ77 parsing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Juha Kärkkäinen , Dominik Kempa , Simon J. Puglisi

We tackle the problems of computing the rightmost variant of the Lempel-Ziv factorizations in the online/sliding model. Previous best bounds for this problem are O(n log n) time with O(n) space, due to Amir et al. [IPL 2002] for the online…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Wataru Sumiyoshi , Takuya Mieno , Shunsuke Inenaga

The LZ-End parsing [Kreft & Navarro, 2011] of an input string yields compression competitive with the popular Lempel-Ziv 77 scheme, but also allows for efficient random access. Kempa and Kosolobov showed that the parsing can be computed in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Patrick Dinklage

Much research has been devoted to optimizing algorithms of the Lempel-Ziv (LZ) 77 family, both in terms of speed and memory requirements. Binary search trees and suffix trees (ST) are data structures that have been often used for this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Artur Ferreira , Arlindo Oliveira , Mario Figueiredo
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