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We build a general quantum state tomography framework that makes use of machine learning techniques to reconstruct quantum states from a given set of coincidence measurements. For a wide range of pure and mixed input states we demonstrate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-09 Sanjaya Lohani , Brian T. Kirby , Michael Brodsky , Onur Danaci , Ryan T. Glasser

Quantum state tomography is a key process in most quantum experiments. In this work, we employ quantum machine learning for state tomography. Given an unknown quantum state, it can be learned by maximizing the fidelity between the output of…

Whenever we do not have an informationally complete set of measurements, the estimate of a quantum state can not be uniquely determined. In this case, among the density matrices compatible with the available data, it is commonly preferred…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-04 D. S. Gonçalves , C. Lavor , M. A. Gomes-Ruggiero , A. T. Cesário , R. O. Vianna , T. O. Maciel

We present a supervised machine learning-based method using convolutional neural networks to estimate the covariance matrix of Gaussian quantum states in the presence of thermal noise. Unlike computationally intensive density matrix…

Quantum state tomography is the experimental procedure of determining an unknown state. It is not only essential for the verification of resources and processors of quantum information but is also important in its own right with regard to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Mahn-Soo Choi

Quantum state tomography--the practice of estimating a quantum state by performing measurements on it--is useful in a variety of contexts. We introduce "gentle tomography" as a version of tomography that preserves the measured quantum data.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles H. Bennett , Aram W. Harrow , Seth Lloyd

We present a quantum algorithm for estimating the matrix determinant based on quantum spectral sampling. The algorithm estimates the logarithm of the determinant of an $n \times n$ positive sparse matrix to an accuracy $\epsilon$ in time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-02 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

We develop a practical quantum tomography protocol and implement measurements of pure states of ququarts realized with polarization states of photon pairs (biphotons). The method is based on an optimal choice of the measuring scheme's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-17 E. V. Moreva , Yu. I. Bogdanov , A. K. Gavrichenko , S. P. Kulik , I. Tikhonov

We present an algorithm for projecting superoperators onto the set of completely positive, trace-preserving maps. When combined with gradient descent of a cost function, the procedure results in an algorithm for quantum process tomography:…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-01-07 George C. Knee , Eliot Bolduc , Jonathan Leach , Erik M. Gauger

Efficiently characterizing large quantum states and processes is a central yet notoriously challenging task in quantum information science, as conventional tomography methods typically require resources that grow exponentially with system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Chenyang Li , Shengxin Zhuang , Yukun Zhang , Jingbo B. Wang , Xiao Yuan , Yusen Wu , Chuan Wang

We discuss quantum state tomography via a stepwise reconstruction of the eigenstates of the mixed states produced in experiments. Our method is tailored to the experimentally relevant class of nearly pure states or simple mixed states,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-02 Abhijeet Melkani , Clemens Gneiting , Franco Nori

It has been shown that, starting from the state |0>, in the general case, an arbitrary quantum state |\psi> cannot be prepared with exponential precision in polynomial time. However, we show that for the important special case when |\psi>…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Peter Jaksch

Characterization of quantum processes is a preliminary step necessary in the development of quantum technology. The conventional method uses standard quantum process tomography, which requires $d^2$ input states and $d^4$ quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-26 Zhibo Hou , Jun-Feng Tang , Christopher Ferrie , Guo-Yong Xiang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

This paper presents a quantum algorithm for efficiently computing partial sums and specific weighted partial sums of quantum state amplitudes. Computation of partial sums has important applications, including numerical integration,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Alok Shukla , Prakash Vedula

In this note, we describe a method for reconstructing matrix product states from a small number of efficiently-implementable measurements. Our method is exponentially faster than standard tomography, and it can also be used to certify that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-02-26 Olivier Landon-Cardinal , Yi-Kai Liu , David Poulin

The optimal state determination (or tomography) is studied for a composite system of two qubits when measurements can be performed on one of the qubits and interactions of the two qubits can be implemented. The goal is to minimize the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. Petz , K. M. Hangos , A. Szanto , F. Szollosi

To obtain a complete description of a quantum system, one usually employs standard quantum state tomography, which however requires exponential number of measurements to perform and hence is impractical when the system's size grows large.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-17 Tao Xin , Xinfang Nie , Xiangyu Kong , Jingwei Wen , Dawei Lu , Jun Li

Quantum process tomography (QPT) plays a central role in characterizing quantum gates and circuits, diagnosing quantum devices, calibrating hardware, and supporting quantum error correction. However, conventional QPT methods face challenges…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Huynh Le Dan Linh , Vu Tuan Hai , Le Bin Ho

Quantum state tomography (QST) via local measurements on reduced density matrices (LQST) is a promising approach but becomes impractical for large systems. To tackle this challenge, we developed an efficient quantum state tomography method…

The characterization of a unitary gate is experimentally accomplished via Quantum Process Tomography, which combines the outcomes of different projective measurements to reconstruct the underlying operator. The process matrix is typically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Tareq Jaouni , Francesco Di Colandrea , Lorenzo Amato , Filippo Cardano , Ebrahim Karimi