Related papers: GRBs have preferred jet opening angles and bulk Lo…
The jet opening angle theta_jet and the bulk Lorentz factor Gamma_0 are crucial parameters for the computation of the energetics of Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs). From the ~30 GRBs with measured theta_jet or Gamma_0 it is known that: (i) the real…
Knowledge of the bulk Lorentz factor $\Gamma_{0}$ of GRBs allows us to compute their comoving frame properties shedding light on their physics. Upon collisions with the circumburst matter, the fireball of a GRB starts to decelerate,…
We estimate the bulk Lorentz factor Gamma_0 of 31 GRBs using the measured peak time of their afterglow light curves. We consider two possible scenarios for the estimate of Gamma_0: the case of a homogeneous circumburst medium or a wind…
We estimate the initial bulk Lorentz factors Gamma_0 for GRBs that show the onset of the afterglow in their optical light curves. We find that Gamma_0 is strongly correlated with both the isotropic equivalent luminosity L_iso and energy…
The initial Lorentz factor ($\Gamma_{0}$) and jet half-opening angle ($\theta_{\rm jet}$) of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are critical physical parameters for understanding the dynamical evolution of relativistic jets and the true energy release…
The peak time of optical afterglow may be used as a proxy to constrain the Lorentz factor Gamma of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) ejecta. We revisit this method by including bursts with optical observations that started when the afterglow flux…
If gamma ray bursts are highly collimated, radiating into only a small fraction of the sky, the energy requirements of each event may be reduced by several (up to 4 - 6) orders of magnitude, and the event rate increased correspondingly. The…
It is largely recognized that Gamma-Ray Burst (GRB) jets involve ultra-relativistic motion. However, the value of the Lorentz factor Gamma_0 is still not clear and only lower limits are known for most bursts. We suggest here a new method to…
Whether gamma-ray bursts are highly beamed or not is a very important question, since it has been pointed out that the beaming will lead to a sharp break in the afterglow light curves during the ultra-relativistic phase, with the breaking…
We present in this paper an approach to estimate the initial Lorentz factor of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) without referring to the delayed emission of the early afterglow. Under the assumption that the afterglow of the bursts concerned occurs…
Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are widely believed to be highly-collimated explosions (opening angle theta ~ 1-10 deg). As a result of this beaming factor, the true energy release from a GRB is usually several orders of magnitude…
It is generally supposed that a transition from the normal decay phase (decay slope $\sim -1$) to a steeper phase (decay slope $\sim -2$) could be suggested as a jet break. The jet opening angle $\theta_{\rm jet}$ is then calculated from…
The characteristic photon energy for Gamma Ray Bursts, E_peak, has a remarkably narrow distribution for bursts of similar peak flux, with values between 150 and 600 keV for most faint bursts. This result is surprising within the framework…
Motivated by GW170817 we examine constraints that observations put on the angular structure of long gamma-ray burst (GRB) jets. First, the relatively narrow observed distribution of $E_{X}/E_{\gamma}$ (the isotropic equivalent early X-ray…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are widely suggested as potential sources of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). The kinetic energy of the jets dissipates, leading to the production of an enormous amount of $\gamma$-ray photons and possibly also…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are powered by ultra-relativistic jets. Usually a minimum value of the Lorentz factor of the relativistic bulk motion is obtained based on the argument that the observed high energy photons ($\gg {\rm MeV}$) can…
Gamma-ray bursts with long durations are widely thought to arise from the collapse of massive stars, where the wind environment is unavoidable. It is also believed that $\gamma$-ray bursts come from jets. Considering these two points in…
The radiation released at the transparency radius of an ultrarelativistic flow can account for the observed properties of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) provided that sufficient energy is dissipated in the sub-photospheric region. Here, I…
We consider all bursts with known redshift and $\nu F_\nu$ peak energy, $E^{obs}_{peak}$. For a good fraction of them an estimate of the jet opening angle is available from the achromatic break of their afterglow light curve. This allows…
We summarize our model for long-duration gamma ray bursts (GRBs) that fits the redshift (z) distributions measured with Swift and missions before Swift, and the pre-Swift GRB jet opening-angle distribution inferred from achromatic breaks in…