English
Related papers

Related papers: A note on p-values interpreted as plausibilities

200 papers

In a recent opinion article, Muff et al. recapitulate well-known objections to the Neyman-Pearson Null-Hypothesis Significance Testing (NHST) framework and call for reforming our practices in statistical reporting. We agree with them on…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2022-05-30 Florian Hartig , Frédéric Barraquand

A fundamental class of inferential problems are those characterised by there having been a substantial degree of pre-data (or prior) belief that the value of a model parameter was equal or lay close to a specified value, which may, for…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2021-01-26 Russell J. Bowater

A wide variety of model explanation approaches have been proposed in recent years, all guided by very different rationales and heuristics. In this paper, we take a new route and cast interpretability as a statistical inference problem. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Hugo Henri Joseph Senetaire , Damien Garreau , Jes Frellsen , Pierre-Alexandre Mattei

Methods of merging several p-values into a single p-value are important in their own right and widely used in multiple hypothesis testing. This paper is the first to systematically study the admissibility (in Wald's sense) of p-merging…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-03-30 Vladimir Vovk , Bin Wang , Ruodu Wang

Probability forecasts for binary events play a central role in many applications. Their quality is commonly assessed with proper scoring rules, which assign forecasts a numerical score such that a correct forecast achieves a minimal…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-04 Alexander Henzi , Johanna F. Ziegel

A definition for the statistical significance by constructing a correlation between the normal distribution integral probability and the p-value observed in an experiment is proposed, which is suitable for both counting experiment and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Yongsheng Zhu

In an attempt to provide an answer to the increasing criticism against p-values and to bridge the gap between statistical inference and prediction modelling, we introduce the probability of improved prediction (PIP). In general, the PIP is…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-05-28 Olivier Thas , Stijn Jaspers

In contrast to its common definition and calculation, interpretation of p-values diverges among statisticians. Since p-value is the basis of various methodologies, this divergence has led to a variety of test methodologies and evaluations…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-12-27 Tomokazu Konishi

Attacks on the P-value are nothing new, but the recent attacks are increasingly more serious. They come from more mainstream sources, with widening targets such as a call to retire the significance testing altogether. While well meaning, I…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-01-11 Yudi Pawitan

Expectation is a central notion in probability theory. The notion of expectation also makes sense for other notions of uncertainty. We introduce a propositional logic for reasoning about expectation, where the semantics depends on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella

In the interpretation of experimental data, one is actually looking for plausible explanations. We look for a measure of plausibility, with which we can compare different possible explanations, and which can be combined when there are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-12-30 Wan Ahmad Tajuddin Wan Abdullah

Null hypothesis significance testing remains popular despite decades of concern about misuse and misinterpretation. We believe that much of the problem is due to language: significance testing has little to do with other meanings of the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2018-10-16 Jonathan Dushoff , Morgan P. Kain , Benjamin M. Bolker

Modern statistics provides an ever-expanding toolkit for estimating unknown parameters. Consequently, applied statisticians frequently face a difficult decision: retain a parameter estimate from a familiar method or replace it with an…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-20 Brian L. Trippe , Sameer K. Deshpande , Tamara Broderick

While P-values are widely abused, they are a useful tool for many purposes; banning them is analogous to banning scalpels because most people do not know how to perform surgery. Many reported P-values are not genuine P-values, for a variety…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-04-19 Philip B. Stark

Quality statistical inference requires a sufficient amount of data, which can be missing or hard to obtain. To this end, prediction-powered inference has risen as a promising methodology, but existing approaches are largely limited to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-27 Daniel Csillag , Claudio José Struchiner , Guilherme Tegoni Goedert

Several scientific fields including psychology are undergoing a replication crisis. There are many reasons for this problem, one of which is a misuse of p-values. There are several alternatives to p-values, and in this paper we describe a…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-05 Brian D. Segal

The American Statistical Association (ASA) statement on statistical significance and P-values \cite{wasserstein2016asa} cautioned statisticians against making scientific decisions solely on the basis of traditional P-values. The statement…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-22 Abhisek Chakraborty , Megan H. Murray , Ilya Lipkovich , Yu Du

The concept of intrinsic credibility has been recently introduced to check the credibility of "out of the blue" findings without any prior support. A significant result is deemed intrinsically credible if it is in conflict with a sceptical…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-08 Leonhard Held

P-hacking is prevalent in reality but absent from classical hypothesis testing theory. As a consequence, significant results are much more common than they are supposed to be when the null hypothesis is in fact true. In this paper, we build…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-05-09 Adam McCloskey , Pascal Michaillat

Expectation is a central notion in probability theory. The notion of expectation also makes sense for other notions of uncertainty. We introduce a propositional logic for reasoning about expectation, where the semantics depends on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-07-29 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella