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We define and study expansion problems on countable structures in the setting of descriptive combinatorics. We consider both expansions on countable Borel equivalence relations and on countable groups, in the Borel, measure and category…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Michael Wolman

This paper presents a theory of systemic undecidability, reframing incomputability as a structural property of systems rather than a localized feature of specific functions or problems. We define a notion of causal embedding and prove a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Seth Bulin

This paper assumes a robust, in general not dominated, probabilistic framework and provides necessary and sufficient conditions for a bipolar representation of subsets of the set of all quasi-sure equivalence classes of non-negative random…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-21 Johannes Langner , Gregor Svindland

Predictions for measurement outcomes in physical theories are usually computed by combining two distinct notions: a state, describing the physical system, and an observable, describing the measurement which is performed. In quantum theory,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-28 Markus P. Mueller , Cozmin Ududec

We introduce the notion of finitary computable reducibility on equivalence relations on the natural numbers. This is a weakening of the usual notion of computable reducibility, and we show it to be distinct in several ways. In particular,…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-02-12 Russell Miller , Keng Meng Ng

We extend anti-classification results in ergodic theory to the collection of weakly mixing systems by proving that the isomorphism relation as well as the Kakutani equivalence relation of weakly mixing invertible measure-preserving…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2023-03-24 Philipp Kunde

We consider a large family of theories of equivalence relations, each with finitely many classes, and assuming the existence of an $\omega$-Erdos cardinal, we determine which of these theories are Borel complete. We develop machinery,…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Michael C. Laskowski , Danielle S. Ulrich

We define a new logic-induced notion of bisimulation (called $\rho$-bisimulation) for coalgebraic modal logics given by a logical connection, and investigate its properties. We show that it is structural in the sense that it is defined only…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Jim de Groot , Helle Hvid Hansen , Alexander Kurz

Following on from the notion of (first-order) causality, which generalises the notion of being tracepreserving from CP-maps to abstract processes, we give a characterization for the most general kind of map which sends causal processes to…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-04 Aleks Kissinger , Sander Uijlen

We give a reframing of Godel's first and second incompleteness theorems that applies even to some undefinable theories of arithmetic. The usual Hilbert-Bernays provability conditions and the diagonal lemma are replaced by a more direct…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-12-19 Yasha Savelyev

Larsen and Skou characterized probabilistic bisimilarity over reactive probabilistic systems with a logic including true, negation, conjunction, and a diamond modality decorated with a probabilistic lower bound. Later on, Desharnais,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2016-10-25 Marco Bernardo , Marino Miculan

We study a category of probability spaces and measure-preserving Markov kernels up to almost sure equality. This category contains, among its isomorphisms, mod-zero isomorphisms of probability spaces. It also gives an isomorphism between…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Noé Ensarguet , Paolo Perrone

Open bisimilarity is defined for open process terms in which free variables may appear. The insight is, in order to characterise open bisimilarity, we move to the setting of intuitionistic modal logics. The intuitionistic modal logic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Ki Yung Ahn , Ross Horne , Alwen Tiu

Let B be a sigma-unital C*-algebra. We show that every strongly continuous E_0-semigroup on the algebra of adjointable operators on a full Hilbert B-module E gives rise to a full continuous product system of correspondences over B. We show…

Operator Algebras · Mathematics 2013-11-20 Michael Skeide

A famous result due to Lov\'{a}sz states that two finite relational structures $M$ and $N$ are isomorphic if, and only if, for all finite relational structures $T$, the number of homomorphisms from $T$ to $M$ is equal to the number of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Jesse Comer

We present a modular semantic account of Bayesian inference algorithms for probabilistic programming languages, as used in data science and machine learning. Sophisticated inference algorithms are often explained in terms of composition of…

We provide a categorical notion called uncertain bisimilarity, which allows to reason about bisimilarity in combination with a lack of knowledge about the involved systems. Such uncertainty arises naturally in automata learning algorithms,…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jurriaan Rot , Thorsten Wißmann

We study the problem of eliminating recursion from monadic datalog programs on trees with an infinite set of labels. We show that the boundedness problem, i.e., determining whether a datalog program is equivalent to some nonrecursive one is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-05-12 Filip Mazowiecki , Joanna Ochremiak , Adam Witkowski

We extend the theoretical framework of proof mining by establishing general logical metatheorems that allow for the extraction of the computational content of theorems with prima facie "non-computational" proofs from probability theory,…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-01-14 Morenikeji Neri , Nicholas Pischke

We prove a strong conceptual completeness theorem (in the sense of Makkai) for the infinitary logic $\mathcal L_{\omega_1\omega}$: every countable $\mathcal L_{\omega_1\omega}$-theory can be canonically recovered from its standard Borel…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-08-06 Ruiyuan Chen