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Attempts to understand zero temperature phase transitions have forced physicists to consider a regime where the standard paradigms of condensed matter physics break down [1-4]. These quantum critical systems lack a simple description in…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2012-07-04 Kaden R. A. Hazzard , Erich J. Mueller

The second law of thermodynamics constitutes a fundamental principle of physics, precluding the existence of perpetual motion machines and providing a natural definition of the arrow of time. Its scope extends across virtually all areas of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-21 Alejandro Corichi , Omar Gallegos

We characterize the zero-temperature limits of minimal free energy states for interacting corpora -- that is, for objects with finitely many degrees of freedom, such as articulated rods. These limits are measures supported on…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2008-10-16 Peter Constantin , Andrej Zlatos

According to the Nernst theorem or, equivalently, the third law of thermodynamics, the absolute zero temperature is not attainable. Starting with an initial positive temperature, we show that there exist solutions to a Kelvin-Voigt model…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Rufat Badal , Manuel Friedrich , Martin Kružík , Lennart Machill

Passivity is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics that demands a quantum system's energy cannot be lowered by any reversible, unitary process acting on the system. In the limit of many such systems, passivity leads in turn to the concept…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-12-14 Carlo Sparaciari , David Jennings , Jonathan Oppenheim

Consider a $d$-dimensional antiferromagnet with a quantum disordered ground state and a gap to bosonic excitations with non-zero spin. In a finite external magnetic field, this antiferromagnet will undergo a phase transition to a ground…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-10-22 Subir Sachdev , T. Senthil , R. Shankar

Thermodynamics dictates that the specific heat of a system is strictly non-negative. However, in finite classical systems there are well known theoretical and experimental cases where this rule is violated, in particular finite atomic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-15 Pablo Serra , Marcelo Carignano , Fahhad Alharbi , Sabre Kais

Thermal fluctuations tend to destroy long-range phase correlations. Consequently, bosons in a lattice will undergo a transition from a phase-coherent superfluid as the temperature rises. Contrary to common intuition, however, we show that…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2015-03-17 Andrew Robertson , Victor M. Galitski , Gil Refael

We consider the non-relativistic Hartree model in the gravitational case, i.e. with attractive Coulomb-Newton interaction. For a given mass, we construct stationary states with non-zero temperature by minimizing the corresponding free…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-05-19 Gonca L. Aki , Jean Dolbeault , Christof Sparber

A bath with a negative temperature is a subject of intense debate in recent times. It raises fundamental questions not only on our understanding of negative temperature of a bath in connection with thermodynamics but also on the…

Contrary to many other translationally invariant one-dimensional models, the low-temperature phase for an attractively interacting one-dimensional Bose-gas (a quantum bright soliton) is stable against thermal fluctuations. However, treating…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2016-10-31 Christoph Weiss , Simon A. Gardiner , Bettina Gertjerenken

In the classical world, temperature is a measure of how hot or cold a physical object is. We never find a physical system which can be both hot and cold at the same time. Here, we show that for a quantum system, it is possible to have…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-21 Arun Kumar Pati , Avijit Misra

A quantum model is considered for $N$ bosons populating two orthogonal single-particle modes with tunable energy separation in the presence of flavour-changing contact interaction. The quantum ground state is well approximated as a coherent…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2022-09-01 Andreas Hemmerich

We formalize and prove the extension to finite temperature of a class of quantum phase transitions, acting as condensations in the space of states, recently introduced and discussed at zero temperature~(Ostilli and Presilla 2021 \textit{J.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-10 Massimo Ostilli , Carlo Presilla

A first principle reciprocating quantum refrigerator is investigated with the purpose of determining the limitations of cooling to absolute zero. We find that if the energy spectrum of the working medium possesses an uncontrollable gap,…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Tova Feldmann , Ronnie Kosloff

Cold atomic gases have proven capable of emulating a number of fundamental condensed matter phenomena including Bose-Einstein condensation, the Mott transition, Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov pairing and the quantum Hall effect. Cooling…

The exotic nature of many strongly correlated materials at reasonably high temperatures, for instance cuprate superconductors in their normal state, has lead to the suggestion that such behavior occurs within a quantum critical region where…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2007-11-30 Claudio Castelnovo , Claudio Chamon , Christopher Mudry , Pierre Pujol , .

The thermodynamics of ideal gas on the noncommutative geometry in the coherent state formalism is investigated. We first evaluate the statistical interparticle potential and see that there are residual "attraction (repulsion) potential"…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-16 Wung-Hong Huang , Kuo-Wei Huang

While the thermodynamics for bosonic systems with weak $s$-wave interactions has been known for decades, a general and systematic extension to higher partial waves has not yet been reported. We provide closed-form expressions for the…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2024-09-16 Xin-Yuan Gao , D. Blume , Yangqian Yan

There exists a geometric phase for a quantum state during the adiabatic evolution of the system. If the adiabatic procedure happens between the system and the environment interacting with it similar to Born-Oppenheimer (BO) approximation,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Zheng-Chuan Wang