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Related papers: Odd 2-factored snarks

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An {\em odd subgraph} of a graph is a subgraph in which every vertex has odd degree. A graph $G$ is said to be {\em odd $k$-edge-colorable} if there exists an edge-coloring $E(G) \rightarrow \{1,2, \ldots, k\}$ such that each non-empty…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-20 Mikio Kano , Shun-ichi Maezawa , Kenta Ozeki

In this paper we further our understanding of the structure of class two cubic graphs, or snarks, as they are commonly known. We do this by investigating their 3-critical subgraphs, or as we will call them, minimal conflicting subgraphs. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-20 Imran Allie

An odd $k$-edge-coloring of a graph $G$ is a (not necessarily proper) edge-coloring with at most $k$ colors such that each non-empty color class induces a graph in which every vertex is of odd degree; similarly, if more than one color per…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-26 Xiao-Chuan Liu , Mirko Petruševski , Xu Yang

In this paper, we introduce the notion of 2-boundary planar graphs. A graph is 2-boundary planar if it has an embedding in the plane so that all vertices lie on the boundary of at most two faces and no edges are crossed. A proper coloring…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-07 Weichan Liu , Mengke Qi , Xin Zhang

Let $G$ be a bridgeless cubic graph. The \textit{resistance} of $G$, denoted $r(G)$, is the minimum number of edges which can be removed from $G$ in order to render 3-edge-colourability. The \textit{oddness} of $G$, denoted $\omega(G)$, is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Imran Allie

A 2-factor of a graph $G$ is a 2-regular spanning subgraph of $G$. We present a survey summarising results on the structure of 2-factors in regular graphs, as achieved by various researchers in recent years.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-16 D. Labbate , F. Romaniello

In graph theory, a Snark is a connected, bridgeless, Cubic graph that cannot be edge-colored with only three colors. Additionally, to avoid some trivial cases, a Snark is typically required to have a girth of minimum five and a cyclic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-13 Bansari. J. Rayjada , Jekil. A. Gadhiya , Mahadityasinh. A. Sarvaiya

We present a construction which shows that there is an infinite set of cyclically 4-edge connected cubic graphs on $n$ vertices with no cycle longer than $c_4 n$ for $c_4=\frac{12}{13}$, and at the same time prove that a certain natural…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-01-08 Klas Markström

We describe two new algorithms for the generation of all non-isomorphic cubic graphs with girth at least $k\ge 5$ which are very efficient for $5\le k \le 7$ and show how these algorithms can be efficiently restricted to generate snarks…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-06-28 Gunnar Brinkmann , Jan Goedgebeur

There are many hard conjectures in graph theory, like Tutte's 5-flow conjecture, and the 5-cycle double cover conjecture, which would be true in general if they would be true for cubic graphs. Since most of them are trivially true for…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-24 M. A. Fiol , G. Mazzuoccolo , E. Steffen

An edge e is normal in a proper edge-coloring of a cubic graph G if the number of distinct colors on four edges incident to e is 2 or 4: A normal edge-coloring of G is a proper edge-coloring in which every edge of G is normal. The Petersen…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-05 Jelena Sedlar , Riste Škrekovski

A graph G is called (2k, k)-connected if G is 2k-edge-connected and G-v is k-edge-connected for every vertex v. The study of (2k, k)-connected graphs is motivated by a conjecture of Frank which states that a graph has a 2-vertex-connected…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-24 Olivier Durand de Gevigney , Zoltán Szigeti

In this paper we provide some sufficient conditions for the existence of an odd or even cycle that passing a given vertex or an edge in $2$-connected or $2$-edge connected graphs. We provide some similar conditions for the existence of an…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-12-09 Saieed Akbari , Khashayar Etemadi , Peyman Ezzati , Mehrdad Ghadiri

Let $G$ be a cubic graph admitting a $2$-factor consisting of exactly two odd circuits, and let the complementary $1$-factor contain precisely three spokes (along with an arbitrary number of chords). We show that four perfect matchings can…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Ján Karabáš , Edita Máčajová

Let $\core G$ and $\corona G$ denote the intersection and the union, respectively, of all maximum independent sets of a graph $G$. A graph is called \emph{$2$-bicritical} if $\a{N(S)}>\a S$ for every nonempty independent set $S$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-13 Kevin Pereyra

It is shown that each subgroup of odd index in an alternating group of degree at least 10 has all insoluble composition factors to be alternating. A classification is then given of 2-arc-transitive graphs of odd order admitting an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Cai Heng Li , Jing Jian Li , Zai Ping Lu

A graph is equimatchable if each of its matchings is a subset of a maximum matching. It is known that any 2-connected equimatchable graph is either bipartite, or factor-critical, and that these two classes are disjoint. This paper provides…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-30 Eduard Eiben , Michal Kotrbcik

A proper abelian coloring of a cubic graph G by a finite abelian group A is any proper edge-coloring of G by the non-zero elements of A such that the sum of the colors of the three edges incident to any vertex v of G equals zero. It is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-12 Jelena Sedlar , Riste Škrekovski

In this paper, we investigate odd graceful graph, odd strongly harmonious graph, bipartite graph and their relationship. We proved following results: (1) if G is odd strongly harmonious graph, then G is odd graceful graph ;(2) if G is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-06 Xiuying Wang , Ying Zhoua , Haihong Wanga , Chunfeng Liu

An odd graph is a finite graph all of whose vertices have odd degrees. Given graph $G$ is decomposable into $k$ odd subgraphs if its edge set can be partitioned into $k$ subsets each of which induces an odd subgraph of $G$. The minimum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-09 Mirko Petruševski , Riste Škrekovski