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We revisit and generalize the concept of composite likelihood as a method to make a probabilistic inference by aggregation of multiple Bayesian agents, thereby defining a class of predictive models which we call composite Bayesian. This…

Computation · Statistics 2019-04-18 Alexis Roche

Bayesian reasoning plays a significant role both in human rationality and in machine learning. In this paper, we introduce transfinite modal logic, which combines modal logic with ordinal arithmetic, in order to formalize Bayesian reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Xinyu Wang

Based on the ideas of quantum physics and dual-process theory of human reasoning that takes into account two primary mechanisms of reasoning : 1) deductive rational thinking and 2) intuitive heuristic judgment, we proposed the "quantum"…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-10-01 E. D. Vol

A comprehensive artificial intelligence system needs to not only perceive the environment with different `senses' (e.g., seeing and hearing) but also infer the world's conditional (or even causal) relations and corresponding uncertainty.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-07 Hao Wang , Dit-Yan Yeung

It is argued that at a sufficiently deep level the conventional quantitative approach to the study of nature faces difficult problems, and that biological processes should be seen as more fundamental, in a way that can be elaborated on the…

General Physics · Physics 2019-12-02 Brian D. Josephson

Probabilistic graphical models such as Bayesian Networks are one of the most powerful structures known by the Computer Science community for deriving probabilistic inferences. However, modern cognitive psychology has revealed that human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-10-01 Catarina Moreira , Andreas Wichert

Information is one of the most widely-discussed concepts of the current era. However, a great deal of insightful work notwithstanding, it is yet to be given wholly convincing logical or mathematical foundations. Without them, we lack…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Matthew Collinson , Timo Eckhardt , David Pym

Algorithms of inference in a computer system oriented to input and semantic processing of text information are presented. Such inference is necessary for logical questions when the direct comparison of objects from a question and database…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-02-02 Yuriy Ostapov

The human brain is the substrate for human intelligence. By simulating the human brain, artificial intelligence builds computational models that have learning capabilities and perform intelligent tasks approaching the human level. Deep…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-02-20 Barco Jie You

In recent years, research unveiled more and more evidence for the so-called Bayesian Brain Paradigm, i.e. the human brain is interpreted as a probabilistic inference machine and Bayesian modelling approaches are hence used successfully. One…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Kevin Jasberg , Sergej Sizov

A fundamental question in theoretical machine learning is generalization. Over the past decades, the PAC-Bayesian approach has been established as a flexible framework to address the generalization capabilities of machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Fredrik Hellström , Giuseppe Durisi , Benjamin Guedj , Maxim Raginsky

It is argued that the problem of interpreting quantum mechanics, and the philosophical problem of consciousness, both have their roots in the same set of misguided Cartesian assumptions. The confusions underlying those assumptions are…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2025-04-07 D. M. Appleby

The article "Physics of Consciousness" treats mind as an abstract Hilbert space with a set of orthogonal base vectors to describe information like particles, which are considered to be the elementary excitation of a quantum field. A…

General Physics · Physics 2010-12-20 Benoy Chakraverty

The brain is a biological system comprising nerve cells and orchestrates its embodied agent's perception, behavior, and learning in the dynamic environment. The free energy principle (FEP) advocated by Karl Friston explicates the local,…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-10-07 Chang Sub Kim

Network data are increasingly collected along with other variables of interest. Our motivation is drawn from neurophysiology studies measuring brain connectivity networks for a sample of individuals along with their membership to a low or…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-09-11 Daniele Durante , David B. Dunson

This article reviews how organisms learn and recognize the world through the dynamics of neural networks from the perspective of Bayesian inference, and introduces a view on how such dynamics is described by the laws for the entropy of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2020-06-24 Hideaki Shimazaki

In the eyes of a rationalist like Descartes or Spinoza, human reasoning is flawless, marching toward uncovering ultimate truth. A few centuries later, however, culminating in the work of Kahneman and Tversky, human reasoning was portrayed…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-17 Ardavan S. Nobandegani , William Campoli , Thomas R. Shultz

A common concern with Bayesian methodology in scientific contexts is that inferences can be heavily influenced by subjective biases. As presented here, there are two types of bias for some quantity of interest: bias against and bias in…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-06 Michael Evans , Yang Guo

This paper establishes a dual theory about knowledge and argumentation. Our idea is rooted at both epistemic logic and argumentation theory, and we aim to merge these two fields, not just in a superficial way but to thoroughly disclose the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Xinyu Wang , Momoka Fujieda

Bayes' theorem incorporates distinct types of information through the likelihood and prior. Direct observations of state variables enter the likelihood and modify posterior probabilities through consistent updating. Information in terms of…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-19 Duncan K. Foley , Ellis Scharfenaker