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Widely used methods for analyzing missing data can be biased in small samples. To understand these biases, we evaluate in detail the situation where a small univariate normal sample, with values missing at random, is analyzed using either…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-03-27 Paul T. von Hippel

G-formula is a popular approach for estimating treatment or exposure effects from longitudinal data that are subject to time-varying confounding. G-formula estimation is typically performed by Monte-Carlo simulation, with non-parametric…

Multivariate regression model is a natural generalization of the classical univari- ate regression model for fitting multiple responses. In this paper, we propose a high- dimensional multivariate conditional regression model for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-26 Junhui Wang

Fractional imputation (FI) is a relatively new method of imputation for handling item nonresponse in survey sampling. In FI, several imputed values with their fractional weights are created for each missing item. Each fractional weight…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-11 Shu Yang , Jae Kwang Kim

Missing data represents a fundamental challenge in machine learning applications, often reducing model performance and reliability. This problem is particularly acute in fields like bioinformatics and clinical machine learning, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Fatemeh Azad , Zoran Bosnić , Matjaž Kukar

Missing data is a significant problem impacting all domains. State-of-the-art framework for minimizing missing data bias is multiple imputation, for which the choice of an imputation model remains nontrivial. We propose a multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-20 Lovedeep Gondara , Ke Wang

Multiple imputation (MI) has been widely applied to missing value problems in biomedical, social and econometric research, in order to avoid improper inference in the downstream data analysis. In the presence of high-dimensional data,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-05-04 Zhiqi Bu , Zongyu Dai , Yiliang Zhang , Qi Long

Missing data theory deals with the statistical methods in the occurrence of missing data. Missing data occurs when some values are not stored or observed for variables of interest. However, most of the statistical theory assumes that data…

Compositional data (i.e., data comprising random variables that sum up to a constant) arises in many applications including microbiome studies, chemical ecology, political science, and experimental designs. Yet when compositional data serve…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-01-03 Ritwik Bhaduri , Siyuan Ma , Lucas Janson

Causal discovery algorithms estimate causal graphs from observational data. This can provide a valuable complement to analyses focussing on the causal relation between individual treatment-outcome pairs. Constraint-based causal discovery…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-31 Janine Witte , Ronja Foraita , Vanessa Didelez

We propose generalized additive partial linear models for complex data which allow one to capture nonlinear patterns of some covariates, in the presence of linear components. The proposed method improves estimation efficiency and increases…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2014-05-26 Li Wang , Lan Xue , Annie Qu , Hua Liang

Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) has emerged as a popular approach for handling missing data. A central challenge for applying MICE is determining how to incorporate outcome information into covariate imputation models,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-10-11 Lauren Beesley , Jeremy M G Taylor

In the mixture of experts model, a common assumption is the linearity between a response variable and covariates. While this assumption has theoretical and computational benefits, it may lead to suboptimal estimates by overlooking potential…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-04-17 Yeongsan Hwang , Byungtae Seo , Sangkon Oh

A common approach for handling missing values in data analysis pipelines is multiple imputation via software packages such as MICE (Van Buuren and Groothuis-Oudshoorn, 2011) and Amelia (Honaker et al., 2011). These packages typically assume…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-23 Trung Phung , Kyle Reese , Ilya Shpitser , Rohit Bhattacharya

When evaluating causal influence from one time series to another in a multivariate dataset it is necessary to take into account the conditioning effect of the other variables. In the presence of many variables, and possibly of a reduced…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-03-26 Daniele Marinazzo , Mario Pellicoro , Sebastiano Stramaglia

Missing data occur in many types of studies and typically complicate the analysis. Multiple imputation, either using joint modelling or the more flexible fully conditional specification approach, are popular and work well in standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-02 Nicole S. Erler , Dimitris Rizopoulos , Emmanuel M. E. H. Lesaffre

Multivariate density estimation is a popular technique in statistics with wide applications including regression models allowing for heteroskedasticity in conditional variances. The estimation problems become more challenging when…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-08-15 Zhen Li , Lili Wu , Weilian Zhou , Sujit Ghosh

\Multiple imputation (MI) is a popular and well-established method for handling missing data in multivariate data sets, but its practicality for use in massive and complex data sets has been questioned. One such data set is the Panel Study…

Marginal imputation, which consists of imputing each item requiring imputation separately, is often used in surveys. This type of imputation procedures leads to asymptotically unbiased estimators of simple parameters such as population…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-11-04 Hélène Chaput , Guillaume Chauvet , David Haziza , Laurianne Salembier , Julie Solard

The central challenges in missing data models concern the identifiability of two distributions: the target law and the full law. The target law refers to the joint distribution of the data variables, whereas the full law refers to the joint…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Juha Karvanen , Santtu Tikka
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