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The firewall paradox is often presented as arising from double entanglement, but I argue that more generally the paradox is double purity. Near-horizon modes are purified by the interior, in the infalling vacuum. Hence they cannot also be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-10-30 Raphael Bousso

An insightful viewpoint was proposed by Susskind about AMPS firewall: the region behind the firewall does not exist and the firewall is an extension of the singularity. In this work, we provided a possible picture of this idea by combining…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2018-11-08 Liangsuo Shu , Kaifeng Cui , Xiaokang Liu , Zhichun Liu , Wei Liu

A promising strategy for better understanding space and time at the Planck scale, is outlined and further pursued. It is explained in detail, how black hole unitarity demands the existence of transformations that can remove firewalls. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-09-12 Gerard t Hooft

Almheiri, Marolf, Polchinski, and Sully argued that, for a consistent black hole evaporation process, the horizon of a sufficiently old black hole should be replaced by a "firewall" at which an infalling observer burns up, which obviously…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-09-07 Naritaka Oshita

At the heart of the black hole information loss paradox and the firewall controversy lies the conflict between quantum mechanics and general relativity. Much has been said about quantum corrections to general relativity, but much less in…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-12-12 Pisin Chen , Yen Chin Ong , Dong-han Yeom

The unitary moving mirror model is one of the best quantum systems for checking the reasoning of the original firewall paradox of AMPS in quantum black holes. Though the late-time part of radiations emitted from the mirror is fully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-16 Masahiro Hotta , Jiro Matsumoto , Ken Funo

In this MSc. thesis, we have attempted to give an overview of the firewall paradox and various approaches towards its resolution. After an introductory chapter on some basic concepts in quantum field theory in curved spacetimes such as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-02-06 Furkan Semih Dündar

The principle of horizon complementarity is an attempt to extend ideas about black hole complementarity to all horizons, including cosmological ones. The idea is that the degrees of freedom necessary to describe the interior of the cosmic…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-05-23 Brett McInnes

Three postulates asserting the validity of conventional quantum theory, semi-classical general relativity and the statistical basis for thermodynamics are introduced as a foundation for the study of black hole evolution. We explain how…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-10-07 L. Susskind , L. Thorlacius , J. Uglum

In the firewall proposal, it is assumed that the firewall lies near the event horizon and should not be observable except by infalling observers, who are presumably terminated at the firewall. However, if the firewall is located near where…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-04-27 Pisin Chen , Yen Chin Ong , Don N. Page , Misao Sasaki , Dong-han Yeom

Unitary black hole evaporation necessarily involves a late-time superposition of decoherent states, including states describing distinct spacetimes (e.g., different center of mass trajectories of the black hole). Typical analyses of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-11-06 Stephen D. H. Hsu

We present a mathematical formulation of black hole complementarity based on recent rules for including the observer in quantum cosmology. We argue that this provides a self-consistent treatment of the interior of an evaporating black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-09 Netta Engelhardt , Elliott Gesteau , Daniel Harlow

To what extent does the black hole information paradox lead to violations of quantum mechanics? I explain how black hole complementarity provides a framework to articulate how quantum characterizations of black holes can remain consistent…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2023-11-13 Siddharth Muthukrishnan

The near-horizon field B of an old black hole is maximally entangled with the early Hawking radiation R, by unitarity of the S-matrix. But B must be maximally entangled with the black hole interior A, by the equivalence principle. Causal…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-06-26 Raphael Bousso

It is argued that a slight modification of the complementarity principle may help to overcome paradoxes about the observer who falls through the event horizon

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-01-19 Giovanni Arcioni , Antoine Suarez

Interest in the black hole information paradox has recently been catalyzed by the newer "firewall" argument. The crux of the updated argument is that previous solutions which relied on observer complementarity are in violation of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-01-12 K. L. H. Bryan , A. J. M. Medved

Under reasonable assumptions, black holes have been argued to form firewalls, burning up anything crossing their horizons. This argument finds that a firewall would appear very late in a black hole's lifetime, when Hawking radiation has…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-05-07 Zhi-Wei Wang , Saurya Das , Samuel L. Braunstein

A lot of confusion surrounds the issue of black hole complementarity, because the question has been considered without discussing the mechanism which guarantees unitarity. Considering such a mechanism leads to the following: (1) The Hawking…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-05-29 Samir D. Mathur , David Turton

We assume that a quantum gravity theory exists where evolutions are unitary, no information is lost, singularities are resolved, and horizons form. Thus a massive star will collapse to a black hole having a horizon and an interior…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2015-01-07 S. Kalyana Rama

It has been suggested [1] that the resolution of the information paradox for evaporating black holes is that the holes are surrounded by firewalls, bolts of outgoing radiation that would destroy any infalling observer. Such firewalls would…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-01-23 S. W. Hawking