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Perhaps the two most significant theoretical questions about the programming of self-assembling agents are: (1) necessary and sufficient conditions to produce a unique terminal assembly, and (2) error correction. We address both questions,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-09-16 Aaron Sterling

Within biology, it is of interest to construct DNA complexes of a certain shape. These complexes can be represented through graph theory, using edges to model strands of DNA joined at junctions, represented by vertices. Because guided…

Working in a three-dimensional variant of Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model, we show that, for all $N \in \mathbb{N}$, there is a tile set that uniquely self-assembles into an $N \times N$ square shape at temperature 1 with optimal…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-11-06 David Furcy , Samuel Micka , Scott M. Summers

Tile Automata is a recently defined model of self-assembly that borrows many concepts from cellular automata to create active self-assembling systems where changes may be occurring within an assembly without requiring attachment. This model…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Robert M. Alaniz , David Caballero , Sonya C. Cirlos , Timothy Gomez , Elise Grizzell , Andrew Rodriguez , Robert Schweller , Armando Tenorio , Tim Wylie

Self-assembly is one of the most promising strategies for making functional materials at the nanoscale, yet new design principles for making self-limiting architectures, rather than spatially unlimited periodic lattice structures, are…

Tile displacement is a newly-recognized mechanism in DNA nanotechnology that exploits principles analogous to toehold-mediated strand displacement but within the context of self-assembled DNA origami tile arrays. Here, we formulate an…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Erik Winfree , Lulu Qian

In this paper we introduce the \emph{robust random number generation} problem where the goal is to design an abstract tile assembly system (aTAM system) whose terminal assemblies can be split into $n$ partitions such that a resulting…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-01 Cameron Chalk , Bin Fu , Eric Martinez , Robert Schweller , Tim Wylie

We consider the problem of fault-tolerance in nanoscale algorithmic self-assembly. We employ a variant of Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), the two-handed aTAM, in which square "tiles" -- a model of molecules constructed from…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-14 David Doty , Matthew J. Patitz , Dustin Reishus , Robert T. Schweller , Scott M. Summers

Recent advances enable the creation of nanoscale building blocks with complex geometries and interaction specificities for self-assembly. This nearly boundless design space necessitates design principles for defining the mutual interactions…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-03-29 Daichi Hayakawa , Thomas E. Videbæk , Gregory M. Grason , W. Benjamin Rogers

In this paper we present a model containing modifications to the Signal-passing Tile Assembly Model (STAM), a tile-based self-assembly model whose tiles are capable of activating and deactivating glues based on the binding of other glues.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Andrew Alseth , Daniel Hader , Matthew J. Patitz

The Watson-Crick complementary properties of DNA make DNA a useful tool for the self-assembly of various target complexes. Concepts from graph theory can be used to model the self-assembling process in which the vertices of the graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-02-28 Gabriel Lopez , Cory Johnson

We study theoretically a new generic scheme of programmable self-assembly of nanoparticles into clusters of desired geometry. The problem is motivated by the feasibility of highly selective DNA-mediated interactions between colloidal…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-11 Nicholas A. Licata , Alexei V. Tkachenko

A challenge of molecular self-assembly is to understand how to design particles that self-assemble into a desired structure and not any of a potentially large number of undesired structures. Here we use simulation to show that a strategy of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-02-27 Stephen Whitelam

We investigate a fundamental question regarding a benchmark class of shapes in one of the simplest, yet most widely utilized abstract models of algorithmic tile self-assembly. Specifically, we study the directed tile complexity of a $k…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-23 David Furcy , Scott M. Summers , Logan Withers

We investigate the role of nondeterminism in Winfree's abstract Tile Assembly Model (aTAM), which was conceived to model artificial molecular self-assembling systems constructed from DNA. Of particular practical importance is to find tile…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-11-29 Nathaniel Bryans , Ehsan Chiniforooshan , David Doty , Lila Kari , Shinnosuke Seki

Self-closing assembly is prone to polymorphism due to thermally-excited bending fluctuations, which permit the formation of off-target assemblies at the point of self-closure. One way to overcome this source of polymorphism is to use…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-11-06 Sirui Liu , Thomas E. Videbæk , W. Benjamin Rogers

Self-assembly is one of the prevalent strategies used by living systems to fabricate ensembles of precision nanometer-scale structures and devices. The push for analogous approaches to create synthetic nanomaterials has led to the…

Nearly thirty years after its inception, the field of DNA-programmed colloidal self-assembly has begun to realize its initial promise. In this review, we summarize recent developments in designing effective interactions and understanding…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2025-05-08 William M. Jacobs , W. Benjamin Rogers

We present a strict separation between the class of "mismatch free" self-assembly systems and general aTAM systems. Mismatch free systems are those systems in which concurrently grown parts must always agree with each other. Tile…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-02-20 Florent Becker , Pierre-Étienne Meunier

Self-assembly is ubiquitous in nature, particularly in biology, where it underlies the formation of protein quaternary structure and protein aggregation. Quaternary structure assembles deterministically and performs a wide range of…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2016-04-27 S. Tesoro , S. E. Ahnert