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We develop a kinetic theory of systems with long-range interactions taking collective effects and spatial inhomogeneity into account. Starting from the Klimontovich equation and using a quasilinear approximation, we derive a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-28 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

We complete the existing literature on the kinetic theory of systems with long-range interactions. Starting from the BBGKY hierarchy, or using projection operator technics or a quasilinear theory, a general kinetic equation can be derived…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

We review and complete the existing literature on the kinetic theory of spatially homogeneous systems with long-range interactions taking collective effects into account. The evolution of the system as a whole is described by the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-02-20 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

The unshielded nature of gravity means that stellar systems are inherently inhomogeneous. As a result, stars do not move in straight lines. This obvious fact severely complicates the kinetic theory of stellar systems because position and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-12-16 Chris Hamilton

We study the growth of correlations in systems with weak long-range interactions. Starting from the BBGKY hierarchy, we determine the evolution of the two-body correlation function by using an expansion of the solutions of the hierarchy in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

We present a derivation of the kinetic equation describing the secular evolution of spatially inhomogeneous systems with long-range interactions, the so-called inhomogeneous Landau equation, by relying on a functional integral formalism. We…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-28 Jean-Baptiste Fouvry , Pierre-Henri Chavanis , Christophe Pichon

We complete the kinetic theory of inhomogeneous systems with long-range interactions initiated in previous works. We use a simpler and more physical formalism. We consider a system of particles submitted to a small external stochastic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-08-23 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

We discuss the kinetic theory of stellar systems and two-dimensional vortices and stress their analogies. We recall the derivation of the Landau and Lenard-Balescu equations from the Klimontovich formalism. These equations take into account…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-06-04 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

We develop the kinetic theory of Hamiltonian systems with weak long-range interactions. Starting from the Klimontovich equation and using a quasilinear theory, we obtain a general kinetic equation that can be applied to spatially…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

Stellar systems - star clusters, galaxies, dark matter haloes, and so on - are ubiquitous characters in the evolutionary tale of our Universe. This tutorial article is an introduction to the collective dynamical evolution of the very large…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-11-08 Chris Hamilton , Jean-Baptiste Fouvry

Starting from the Liouville equation, we derive the exact hierarchy of equations satisfied by the reduced distribution functions of the single species point vortex gas in two dimensions. Considering an expansion of the solution in powers of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 P. H. Chavanis

The long-term dynamics of long-range interacting $N$-body systems can generically be described by the Balescu-Lenard kinetic equation. However, for ${1D}$ homogeneous systems, this collision operator exactly vanishes by symmetry. These…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2019-12-04 Jean-Baptiste Fouvry , Ben Bar-Or , Pierre-Henri Chavanis

The dynamics of inelastic hard spheres is described in terms of the binary collision expansion, yielding the corresponding pseudo-Liouville equation and BBGKY hierarchy for the reduced distribution functions. Based on cluster expansion…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-02-03 T. P. C. van Noije , M. H. Ernst

The traditional Chandrasekhar picture of the slow relaxation of stellar systems assumes that stars' orbits are only modified by occasional, uncorrelated, two-body flyby encounters with other stars. However, the long-range nature of gravity…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-12-01 Chris Hamilton , Tobias Heinemann

We present a kinetic theory for inhomogeneous systems with weak long-range interactions. Starting from the Klimontovich equation and using a quasilinear theory, we obtain a closed kinetic equation describing the relaxation of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-25 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

Kinetic equations are derived from the Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood-Yvon (BBGKY) hierarchy for point vortex systems in an infinite plane. As the level of approximation for the Landau equation, the collision term of the kinetic equation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Mitsusada M. Sano

We develop the kinetic theory of collisionless relaxation for systems with long-range interactions in relation to the statistical theory of Lynden-Bell. We treat the multi-level case. We make the connection between the kinetic equation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-09-28 Pierre-Henri Chavanis

In the last five decades, numerical simulations have provided invaluable insights into the evolution of galactic discs over cosmic times. As a complementary approach, developments in kinetic theory now also offer a theoretical framework to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-09 Mathieu Roule , Jean-Baptiste Fouvry , Christophe Pichon , Pierre-Henri Chavanis

Finite-$N$ effects unavoidably drive the long-term evolution of long-range interacting $N$-body systems. The Balescu-Lenard kinetic equation generically describes this process sourced by ${1/N}$ effects but this kinetic operator exactly…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-11-11 Jean-Baptiste Fouvry , Pierre-Henri Chavanis , Christophe Pichon

The kinetic theory description of a low density gas of hard spheres or disks, confined between two parallel plates separated a distance smaller than twice the diameter of the particles, is addressed starting from the Liouville equation of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-09-06 J. Javier Brey , M. I. García de Soria , P. Maynar
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