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This paper presents a novel Koopman composition operator representation framework for control systems in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs) that is free of explicit dictionary or input parametrizations. By establishing fundamental…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-03 Petar Bevanda , Bas Driessen , Lucian Cristian Iacob , Stefan Sosnowski , Roland Tóth , Sandra Hirche

In many practical uses of reinforcement learning (RL) the set of actions available at a given state is a random variable, with realizations governed by an exogenous stochastic process. Somewhat surprisingly, the foundations for such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Craig Boutilier , Alon Cohen , Amit Daniely , Avinatan Hassidim , Yishay Mansour , Ofer Meshi , Martin Mladenov , Dale Schuurmans

We study methods based on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces for estimating the value function of an infinite-horizon discounted Markov reward process (MRP). We study a regularized form of the kernel least-squares temporal difference (LSTD)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Yaqi Duan , Mengdi Wang , Martin J. Wainwright

In applications of offline reinforcement learning to observational data, such as in healthcare or education, a general concern is that observed actions might be affected by unobserved factors, inducing confounding and biasing estimates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Andrew Bennett , Nathan Kallus

We consider nonparametric regression with functional covariates, that is, they are elements of an infinite-dimensional Hilbert space. A locally polynomial estimator is constructed, where an orthonormal basis and various tuning parameters…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Moritz Jirak , Alois Kneip , Alexander Meister , Mario Pahl

Inverse reinforcement learning is the problem of inferring a reward function from an optimal policy or demonstrations by an expert. In this work, it is assumed that the reward is expressed as a reward machine whose transitions depend on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Mohamad Louai Shehab , Antoine Aspeel , Necmiye Ozay

This article presents general procedures for constructing, estimating, and testing Hilbert space multi-dimensional (HSM) models, which are based on quantum probability theory. HSM models can be applied to collections of K different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-18 Jerome R. Busemeyer , Zheng Wang

We study the problem of estimating linear response statistics under external perturbations using time series of unperturbed dynamics. Based on the fluctuation-dissipation theory, this problem is reformulated as an unsupervised learning task…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-12-09 He Zhang , John Harlim , Xiantao Li

Kernel methods are one of the mainstays of machine learning, but the problem of kernel learning remains challenging, with only a few heuristics and very little theory. This is of particular importance in methods based on estimation of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-06-03 Seth Flaxman , Dino Sejdinovic , John P. Cunningham , Sarah Filippi

Policy gradient methods are among the most effective methods in challenging reinforcement learning problems with large state and/or action spaces. However, little is known about even their most basic theoretical convergence properties,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Alekh Agarwal , Sham M. Kakade , Jason D. Lee , Gaurav Mahajan

This paper introduces a novel approach to probabilistic deep learning, kernel density matrices, which provide a simpler yet effective mechanism for representing joint probability distributions of both continuous and discrete random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Fabio A. González , Raúl Ramos-Pollán , Joseph A. Gallego-Mejia

The spectral density function describes the second-order properties of a stationary stochastic process on $\mathbb{R}^d$. This paper considers the nonparametric estimation of the spectral density of a continuous-time stochastic process…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-07 Rafail Kartsioukas , Stilian Stoev , Tailen Hsing

This paper generalizes recent advances on quadratic manifold (QM) dimensionality reduction by developing kernel methods-based nonlinear-augmentation dimensionality reduction. QMs, and more generally feature map-based nonlinear corrections,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Alejandro N. Diaz , Jacob T. Needels , Irina K. Tezaur , Patrick J. Blonigan

This paper addresses the challenge of offline policy learning in reinforcement learning with continuous action spaces when unmeasured confounders are present. While most existing research focuses on policy evaluation within partially…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-02 Yuhan Li , Eugene Han , Yifan Hu , Wenzhuo Zhou , Zhengling Qi , Yifan Cui , Ruoqing Zhu

I propose Nonparametric Bayesian Policy Learning (NBPL) as a framework for uncertainty-aware treatment choice. I consider a decision-maker (DM) seeking to select an expected welfare-maximizing treatment rule using observable…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-05-19 Haonan Ye

Consider learning a policy purely on the basis of demonstrated behavior -- that is, with no access to reinforcement signals, no knowledge of transition dynamics, and no further interaction with the environment. This *strictly batch…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-15 Daniel Jarrett , Ioana Bica , Mihaela van der Schaar

We develop novel learning rates for conditional mean embeddings by applying the theory of interpolation for reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHS). We derive explicit, adaptive convergence rates for the sample estimator under the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-09 Prem Talwai , Ali Shameli , David Simchi-Levi

In recent years, self-supervised learning has played a pivotal role in advancing machine learning by allowing models to acquire meaningful representations from unlabeled data. An intriguing research avenue involves developing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Denis Janiak , Jakub Binkowski , Piotr Bielak , Tomasz Kajdanowicz

Consider a photon that has just emerged from a linear polarizing filter. If the photon is then subjected to an orthogonal polarization measurement-e.g., horizontal vs vertical-the photon's preparation cannot be fully expressed in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-11 William K. Wootters

Systems of interacting particles or agents have wide applications in many disciplines such as Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Economics. These systems are governed by interaction laws, which are often unknown: estimating them from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-16 Fei Lu , Mauro Maggioni , Sui Tang
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