Related papers: Dense Gas in M33 (HerM33es)

N113 is an HII region located in the central part of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) with an associated molecular cloud very rich in molecular species. Most of the previously observed molecular lines cover the frequency range 85-270 GHz.…

We present a new survey of HCN(1-0) emission, a tracer of dense molecular gas, focused on the little-explored regime of normal star-forming galaxy disks. Combining HCN, CO, and infrared (IR) emission, we investigate the role of dense gas in…

Investigating star formation requires precise knowledge of the properties of the dense molecular gas. The low metallicity and wide range of star formation activity of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds make them prime laboratories to…

HCN J$\, =\,$1$\, -\,$0 emission is commonly used as a dense gas tracer, thought to mainly arise from gas with densities $\mathrm{\sim 10^4\ -\ 10^5\ cm^{-3}}$. This has made it a popular tracer in star formation studies. However, there is…

Aims. The comparative study of several molecular species at the origin of the gas phase chemistry in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) is a key input in unraveling the coupled chemical and dynamical evolution of the ISM. Methods. The…

In a pilot project to study the relationship between star formation and molecular gas properties in nearby normal early-type galaxies, we used the IRAM 30m telescope to observe the 13CO(J=1-0), 13CO(J=2-1), HCN(J=1-0) and HCO+(J=1-0) line…

H$_{\rm I}$ 21-cm and $^{12}$CO 2.6-mm line emissions respectively trace the atomic and molecular gas phases, but they miss most of the opaque H$_{\rm I}$ and diffuse H$_2$ present in the Dark Neutral Medium (DNM) at the transition between…

Tracing dense molecular gas, the fuel for star formation, is essential for the understanding of the evolution of molecular clouds and star formation processes. We compare the emission of HCN(1-0), HNC(1-0) and HCO+(1-0) with the emission of…

We used the ARO 12m antenna to observe emission from the J=1-0 lines of carbon monoxide, \hcop\ and HNC and the J=2-1 line of CS toward and around the continuum peak used for absorption studies and we compare them with CH, HNC, C\p\ and…

We present the results of a large-scale survey of the very dense gas in the Perseus molecular cloud using HCO+ and HCN (J = 4 - 3) transitions. We have used this emission to trace the structure and kinematics of gas found in pre- and…

(abridged) HCN luminosity Lhcn is a tracer of DENSE molecular gas, n(H_2) >~ 3x10^4 cm^{-3}, associated with star-forming giant molecular cloud (GMC) cores. We present the results and analysis of our survey of HCN emission from 65 infrared…

[Abridged] Do some environments favor efficient conversion of molecular gas into stars? To answer this, we need to be able to estimate the H2 mass. Traditionally, this is done using CO and a few assumptions but the Herschel observations in…

Aims: Our aim is to identify the dominant molecular cooling lines and characteristic emission features in the 1.3 mm window of distinct regions in the northern part of the Orion A molecular cloud. By defining and analysing template regions,…

Far-infrared molecular emission is an important tool used to understand the excitation mechanisms of the gas in the inter-stellar medium of star-forming galaxies. In the present work, we model the emission from rotational transitions with…

Emission from carbon monoxide (CO) is ubiquitously used as a tracer of dense star forming molecular clouds. There is, however, growing evidence that a significant fraction of CO emission originates from diffuse molecular gas. Quantifying…

We made CO and HCN simultaneous observations of lenticular galaxies, NGC 404, NGC 3593 and NGC 4293, and detected HCN emission in NGC 3593 and NGC 4293 as well as CO in all the galaxies. The I(HCN)/I(CO) ratios were 0.025+-0.006 and…

Surveying eighteen 12CO-bright galaxies from the ATLAS3D early-type galaxy sample with the Institut de Radio Astronomie Millim\'etrique (IRAM) 30m telescope, we detect 13CO(1-0) and 13CO(2-1) in all eighteen galaxies, HCN(1-0) in 12/18 and…

We present high resolution large scale observations of the molecular and atomic gas in the Local Group Galaxy M33. The observations were carried out using the HERA at the 30m IRAM telescope in the CO(2-1) line achieving a resolution of…

We present an analysis of the first space-based far-IR-submm observations of M 33, which measure the emission from the cool dust and resolve the giant molecular cloud complexes. With roughly half-solar abundances, M33 is a first step…

We present a systematic study of the HNCO, C18O, 13CS, and C34S emission towards 13 selected molecular clouds in the Galactic center region. The molecular emission in these positions are used as templates of the different physical and…