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We simulate the space-time dynamics of high-energy collisions based on a microscopic kinetic description, in order to determine the range of applicability of an effective description in relativistic viscous hydrodynamics. We find that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-12 Clemens Werthmann , Victor E. Ambruş , Sören Schlichting

We investigate a scaling property of transverse-momentum spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions obtained by removing the global scales of multiplicity and mean transverse momentum. The resulting dimensionless observable isolates…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-03-18 Thiago S. Domingues , Matthew Luzum

We derive a coarse-grained description of the dynamics of a nanoparticle immersed in an isothermal simple fluid by performing a systematic coarse graining of the underlying microscopic dynamics. As coarse-grained or relevant variables we…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 Pep Español , Aleksandar Donev

Impacts play a fundamental role in shaping the physical and chemical properties of the objects in our Solar System. Given the challenges in replicating such collisions through laboratory experiments, computer simulations are an important…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-13 Christian Reinhardt , Sabina D. Raducan , Thomas Meier , Martin Jutzi , Joachim Stadel , Ravit Helled

Multiscale molecular modeling is widely applied in scientific research of molecular properties over large time and length scales. Two specific challenges are commonly present in multiscale modeling, provided that information between the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-07-23 Jun Zhang , Xiaohan Lin , Weinan E , Yi Qin Gao

Some recent developments in exact results in relativistic hydrodynamics is reviewed. We discuss phenomenological applications in high-energy collisions and theoretical features of the solutions. We compare the method of numerical modelling…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-02-11 M. I. Nagy

The relativistic hydrodynamic model is applied to describe the expansion of the dense matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The hydrodynamic expansion of the fluid, supplemented with the statistical emission of hadrons at…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2012-03-27 Piotr Bozek

We utilize an event-by-event relativistic hydrodynamic calculation performed at a number of different incident beam energies to investigate the creation of hot and dense QCD matter near the critical point. Using state-of-the-art analysis…

Dynamics of relativistic heavy-ion collisions is investigated on the basis of a simple (1+1)-dimensional hydrodynamical model in light-cone coordinates. The main emphasis is put on studying sensitivity of the dynamics and observables to the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Igor N. Mishustin

The features of heavy ion collisions that suggest the relevance of collective dynamics, as opposed to mere superpositions of nucleon-nucleon or even parton-parton collisions, are reviewed. The surprise of these studies is that bulk…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-10 Peter Steinberg

Modelling micro- and meso-scopic scale thermodynamic and transport properties of soft condensed matter hinges upon its representation. This is especially relevant for polar solvents such as water, since these require effective…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-04-17 Michael A. Seaton , Benjamin T. Speake , Ilian T. Todorov

We review the history and success of applying relativistic hydrodynamics to high-energy heavy-ion collisions. We emphasize the important role hydrodynamics has played in the discovery of the quark-gluon plasma and its quantitative…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-12-30 Ulrich Heinz , Björn Schenke

We give a short review about the hydrodynamic model and its application to the elliptic flow phenomena and the pion interferometry in relativistic heavy ion collisions.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 Tetsufumi Hirano

Relativistic hydrodynamics for ideal and viscous fluids is discussed as a tool to describe relativistic heavy-ion collisions and to extract transport properties of the quark-gluon plasma from experimentally measured hadron momentum spectra.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-05-13 Ulrich W. Heinz

Thermodynamic irreversibility is a fundamental concept in statistical physics, yet its experimental measurement remains challenging, especially for complex systems. We introduce a novel random coarse-graining framework to identify…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-09-25 Ruicheng Bao , Naruo Ohga , Sosuke Ito

The emergence of macroscopic variables can be effected through {\it coarse graining}. Despite practical and fundamental benefits conveyed by this partitioning of state space, the apparently subjective nature of the selection of coarse…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-31 L. S. Schulman , B. Gaveau

One key factor that limits the predictive power of molecular dynamics simulations is the accuracy and transferability of the input force field. Force fields are challenged by heterogeneous environments, where electronic responses give rise…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-09-13 Flaviu S. Cipcigan , Vlad P. Sokhan , Jason Crain , Glenn J. Martyna

The success of relativistic hydrodynamics as an essential part of the phenomenological description of heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC has motivated a significant body of theoretical work concerning its fundamental aspects. Our…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-03-14 Wojciech Florkowski , Michal P. Heller , Michal Spalinski

We review integrated dynamical approaches to describe heavy ion reaction as a whole at ultrarelativistic energies. Since final observables result from all the history of the reaction, it is important to describe all the stages of the…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-04 Tetsufumi Hirano , Pasi Huovinen , Koichi Murase , Yasushi Nara

In this review, a theoretical description is provided for the solid (granular) phase of the gas-solid flows that are the focus of this book. Emphasis is placed on the fundamental concepts involved in deriving a macroscopic hydrodynamic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-10-02 James W. Dufty , Aparna Baskaran