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The recently observed chirping signature in the light curves of Seyfert 1 galaxy SDSSJ1430$+$2303 could be explained by a late-inspiralling supermassive binary black hole (SMBBH) system in the galactic center, which will merge in the near…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-04-11 Jie-Wen Chen , Yiqiu Ma , Yan Wang

We investigate the capability of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) as a probe of primordial black holes (PBHs), which might constitute the Galactic dark matter. A PBH passing nearby the Earth or a pulsar gives an impulse acceleration and induces…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Kazumi. Kashiyama , Naoki. Seto

Coalescence of two massive black holes is the strongest and most promising source for LISA. In fact, gravitational signal from the end of inspiral and merger will be detectable throughout the Universe. In this article we describe the first…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2008-11-26 Stanislav Babak

We present the results of a search for gravitational waves (GWs) from individual sources using high-cadence observations of PSR J1909\(-\)3744 obtained during an intensive observing campaign with the International Pulsar Timing Array second…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-13 Jing Zou , Jingbo Wang Jianping Yuan , De Zhao , Yirong Wen , Wei Li , Na Wang , Yong Xia

Pulsar Timing Arrays are playing a crucial role in the ongoing gravitational wave astronomy revolution. The current evidence for a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) at nHz frequencies offers an opportunity to discover…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-07 Chiara Cecchini , Gabriele Franciolini , Mauro Pieroni

In the 2030s, a new era of gravitational-wave (GW) observations will dawn as multiple space-based GW detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, Taiji and TianQin, open the millihertz window for GW astronomy. These detectors…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2023-09-07 Wen-Hong Ruan , He Wang , Chang Liu , Zong-Kuan Guo

The advent of time domain astronomy is revolutionizing our understanding of the Universe. Programs such as the Catalina Real-time Transient Survey (CRTS) or the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) surveyed millions of objects for several years,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-04-04 A. Sesana , Z. Haiman , B. Kocsis , L. Z. Kelley

With strong evidence of a common-spectrum stochastic process in the most recent datasets from the NANOGrav Collaboration, the European Pulsar Timing Array (PTA), Parkes PTA, and the International PTA, it is crucial to assess the effects of…

Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) experiments worldwide recently reported evidence of a nHz stochastic gravitational wave background (sGWB) compatible with the existence of slowly inspiralling massive black hole (MBH) binaries (MBHBs). The shape of…

The most conservative interpretation of the nHz stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) discovered by NANOGrav and other Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) Collaborations is astrophysical, namely that it originates from supermassive black…

We develop a unified framework for testing gravity beyond General Relativity (GR) with continuous gravitational waves (CWs) from individual supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs). These long-lived, nearly monochromatic nanohertz signals…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-08 Qinyuan Zheng , Bjorn Larsen , Ellis Eisenberg , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli

The search for gravitational waves using Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) is a computationally expensive complex analysis that involves source-specific noise studies. As more pulsars are added to the arrays, this stage of PTA analysis will…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-28 Lorenzo Speri , Nataliya K. Porayko , Mikel Falxa , Siyuan Chen , Jonathan R. Gair , Alberto Sesana , Stephen R. Taylor

Pulsar timing array (PTA) experiments are expected to detect nano-Hertz gravitational waves (GWs) emitted from individual inspiralling supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs). The GW signals from a small fraction of these SMBBHs may be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-19 Hao Ma , Youjun Lu , Zhiwei Chen , Yunfeng Chen

Gravitational waves can probe the existence of planetary-mass primordial black holes. Considering a mass range of $[10^{-7}-10^{-2}]M_\odot$, inspiraling primordial black holes could emit either continuous gravitational waves,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-05-25 Andrew L. Miller , Sébastien Clesse , Federico De Lillo , Giacomo Bruno , Antoine Depasse , Andres Tanasijczuk

Anisotropies in the nanohertz gravitational-wave background are a compelling next target for pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). Measurements or informative upper limits to the anisotropies are expected in the near future and can offer important…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-26 Gabriela Sato-Polito , Marc Kamionkowski

Several pulsar timing array (PTA) groups have recently claimed the detection of nanohertz gravitational wave background (GWB), but the origin of this gravitational wave (GW) signal remains unclear. Nanohertz GWs generated by supermassive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-04 Qing Yang , Xiao Guo , Zhoujian Cao , Xiaoyun Shao , Xi Yuan

The couplings between supermassive black-hole binaries and their environments within galactic nuclei have been well studied as part of the search for solutions to the final parsec problem. The scattering of stars by the binary or the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-01-26 S. R. Taylor , E. A. Huerta , J. R. Gair , S. T. McWilliams

Pulsar-black hole (BH) close binary systems, which have not been found yet, are unique laboratories for testing theories of gravity and understanding the formation channels of gravitational-wave sources. We study the self-gravitational…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-28 Xinxu Xiao , Rong-feng Shen

Primordial black holes (PBH), supposedly formed in the very early Universe, have been proposed as a possible viable dark matter candidate. In this work we characterize the expected gravitational wave (GW) losses from a population of PBHs…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-02-20 Stefano Bondani , Matteo Bonetti , Luca Broggi , Francesco Haardt , Alberto Sesana , Massimo Dotti

Hundreds of millions of supermassive black hole binaries are expected to contribute to the gravitational-wave signal in the nanohertz frequency band. Their signal is often approximated either as an isotropic Gaussian stochastic background…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-20 Bence Bécsy , Neil J. Cornish , Luke Zoltan Kelley
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