Related papers: Convection in Drying and Freezing Ground

Permafrost thaw is a major concern raised by the ongoing climate change. An understudied phenomenon possibly affecting the pace of permafrost thaw is the onset of convective motions within the active layer caused by the density anomaly of…

Soil salinization is a major cause of soil degradation and hampers plant growth. For soils saturated with saline water, the evaporation of water induces accumulation of salt near the top of the soil. The remaining liquid gets an…

In a binary fluid mixture, the concentration gradient of a heavier molecular solute leads to a diffusive flux of solvent and solute to achieve thermodynamic equilibrium. If the solute concentration decreases with height, the system is…

This work considers the gravitational instability of a saline boundary layer formed by an evaporation-induced flow through a fully-saturated porous slab. Evaporation of saline waters can eventually result in the formation of salt lakes as…

Evaporation from a porous medium partially saturated with saline water, causes the salinity (salt concentration) to increase near the top of the porous medium as water leaves while salt stays behind. As the density of the water increases…

Convective instability in a ferrofluid layer heated from below or from above in the presence of a uniform vertical magnetic field is investigated theoretically. Convection is caused by a magnetic mechanism based on the temperature and…

After the sunset, under calm and clear sky conditions, aerosol laden surface air-layer, cools radiatively to the upper atmosphere. Predominant effect of the radiative cooling on the vertical temperature profile extends to several hundred…

Extreme near-surface moist heat and severe convective storms are among the leading causes of weather-related damages worldwide. Here, we show that episodes of extreme moist heat and severe convection frequently co-occur across midlatitude…

Laboratory studies reveal a deformational instability that leads to a drained region (dry spot) in an initially flat liquid layer (with a free upper surface) heated uniformly from below. This long-wavelength instability supplants hexagonal…

Dry lakes covered with a salt crust organised into beautifully patterned networks of narrow ridges are common in arid regions. Here, we consider the initial instability and the ultimate fate of buoyancy-driven convection that could lead to…

The convective instability in a plane liquid layer with time-dependent temperature profile is investigated by means of a general method suitable for linear stability analysis of an unsteady basic flow. The method is based on a non-normal…

Thermal convection in an electrically conducting fluid (for example, a liquid metal) in the presence of a static magnetic field is considered in this chapter. The focus is on the extreme states of the flow, in which both buoyancy and…

Convective flows coupled with solidification or melting in water bodies play a major role in shaping geophysical landscapes. Particularly in relation to the global climate warming scenario, it is essential to be able to accurately quantify…

The onset of convection in a rapidly rotating layer in which a thermal wind is present is studied. Diffusive effects are included. The main motivation is from convection in planetary interiors, where thermal winds are expected due to…

We consider solutions where the surface tension of the solvent is smaller than the surface tension of the polymer. In an evaporating film, a plume of solvent rich fluid, then induces a local depression in surface tension, and the surface…

When particles settle through a stable temperature or salinity gradient they can drive an instability known as sedimentary fingering convection. This phenomenon is thought to occur beneath sediment-rich river plumes in lakes and oceans, in…

The evaporation of a tiny amount of water on the solid surface with different wettability has been studied by molecular dynamics simulations. We found that, as the surface changed from hydrophobicity to hydrophility, the evaporation speed…

Bifurcation properties, stability behavior, dynamics, and the heat transfer of convection structures in a horizontal fluid layer that is driven away from thermal equilibrium by imposing a vertical temperature difference are compared with…

Fluids subject to both thermal and compositional variations can undergo doubly diffusive convection when these properties both affect the fluid density and diffuse at different rates. In natural doubly diffusive convection, the gradients of…

In electrochemical systems, an understanding of the underlying transport processes is required to aid in their better design. This includes knowledge of possible near-electrode convective mixing that can enhance measured currents. Here, for…