Related papers: Polyak type equations for virtual arrow diagram fo…
We study the Vassiliev knot invariant v_2 of degree 2. We present it via the degrees of maps of various configuration spaces related to a knot to products of spheres. This gives rise to numerous geometrical and combinatorial formulas for…
This paper investigates the parity concept in knotoids in $S^2$ and in $\mathbb{R}^2$ in relation with virtual knots. We show that the virtual closure map is not surjective and give specific examples of virtual knots that are not in the…
In this paper, we use skein-theoretic techniques to classify all virtual knot polynomials and trivalent graph invariants with certain smallness conditions. The first half of the paper classifies all virtual knot polynomials giving…
The present paper produces examples of Gauss diagram formulae for virtual knot invariants which have no analogue in the classical knot case. These combinatorial formulae contain additional information about how a subdiagram is embedded in a…
We extend to the long virtual knot case the constructions first presented by A. Henrich and later generalized by the author to the framed virtual knot case. These consist of three Vassiliev invariants of order one, including a universal…
Motivated by his studies in knot theory V. Vassiliev introduced $X$-graphs as regular 4-valent graph with a structure of pairs of opposite edges at each vertex. He conjectured the conditions under which $X$-graph can be embedded into a…
We introduce a new combinatorial method to encode knots and links with applications to knot invariants. Clasp diagrams defined in this paper are combinatorial blueprints for building knot diagrams out of full twists on two strings rather…
In this paper, we define some polynomial invariants for virtual knots and links. In the first part we use Manturov's parity axioms to obtain a new polynomial invariant of virtual knots. This invariant can be regarded as a generalization of…
We show that (as conjectured by Lin and Wang) when a Vassiliev invariant of type $m$ is evaluated on a knot projection having $n$ crossings, the result is bounded by a constant times $n^m$. Thus the well known analogy between Vassiliev…
The Witten-Reshetikhin-Turaev invariant of classical link diagrams is generalized to virtual link diagrams. This invariant is unchanged by the framed Reidemeister moves and the Kirby calculus. As a result, it is also an invariant of the…
In this paper we study the theory of multi-knotoids in the annulus and in the torus, building up from the theory of planar knotoids to the theory of toroidal knotoids through the theory of annular knotoids. We introduce the concept of…
A perturbative expansion of knot invariants is derived using quantum cluster algebras. By interpreting the $R$-matrix of $U_q(\mathfrak{sl}_2)$ as a cluster transformation and introducing an auxiliary parameter $\epsilon$, we derive a…
In the present paper, we construct an invariant for virtual knots in the thickened sphere with g handles; this invariant is a Laurent polynomial in 2g+3 variables. To this end, we use a modification of the Wirtinger presentation of the knot…
We construct an infinite commutative lattice of groups whose dual spaces give Kauffman finite-type invariants of long virtual knots. The lattice is based "horizontally" upon the Polyak algebra and extended "vertically" using Manturov's…
Given a virtual knot $K$, we construct a group $VG_K$ called the virtual knot group, and we use the elementary ideals of $VG_K$ to define invariants of $K$ called the virtual Alexander invariants. For instance, associated to the $k=0$ ideal…
This work develops some technology for accessing the loop expansion of the Kontsevich integral of a knot. The setting is an application of the LMO invariant to certain surgery presentations of knots by framed links in the solid torus. A…
Circuit algebras are a symmetric version of Jones's planar algebras. They originated in quantum topology as a framework for encoding virtual crossings. This paper extends existing results for modular operads to construct a graphical…
This paper studies an algebraic invariant of virtual knots called the biquandle. The biquandle generalizes the fundamental group and the quandle of virtual knots. The approach taken in this paper to the biquandle emphasizes understanding…
We generalize the Wriggle polynomial, first introduced by L. Folwaczny and L. Kauffman, to the case of virtual tangles. This generalization naturally arises when considering the self-crossings of the tangle. We prove that the generalization…
Virtual knots are defined diagrammatically as a collection of figures, called virtual knot diagrams, that are considered equivalent up to finite sequences of extended Reidemeister moves. By contrast, knots in $\mathbb{R}^3$ can be defined…