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Related papers: Quantum circuits of T-depth one

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We show a significant reduction of the number of quantum operations and the improvement of the circuit depth for the realization of the Toffoli gate by using qudits. This is done by establishing a general relation between the dimensionality…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-12 E. O. Kiktenko , A. S. Nikolaeva , Peng Xu , G. V. Shlyapnikov , A. K. Fedorov

In this paper we show that it is possible to adapt a qudit scheme for creating a controlled-Toffoli created by Ralph et al. [Phys. Rev. A 75 011213] to be applicable to qubits. While this scheme requires more gates than standard schemes for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-04-23 Katherine L. Brown , Anmer Daskin , Sabre Kais , Jonathan P. Dowling

We present an n-bit Toffoli gate quantum circuit based on the realization proposed by Barenco, where some of the Toffoli gates in their construction are replaced with Peres gates. This results in a significant cost reduction. Our main…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-08-01 Dmitri Maslov , Gerhard W. Dueck

Quantum computation is traditionally expressed in terms of quantum bits, or qubits. In this work, we instead consider three-level qu$trits$. Past work with qutrits has demonstrated only constant factor improvements, owing to the $\log_2(3)$…

Prior work of Beverland et al. has shown that any exact Clifford+$T$ implementation of the $n$-qubit Toffoli gate must use at least $n$ $T$ gates. Here we show how to get away with exponentially fewer $T$ gates, at the cost of incurring a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-09 David Gosset , Robin Kothari , Chenyi Zhang

In 2004, Cuccaro et al found a quantum-quantum adder with $O(n)$ gate cost and $O(1)$ ancilla qubits. Since then, it's been an open question whether classical-quantum adders can achieve the same asymptotic complexity. These costs are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Craig Gidney

We present an arithmetic circuit performing constant modular addition having $\mathcal{O}(n)$ depth of Toffoli gates and using a total of $n+3$ qubits. This is an improvement by a factor of two compared to the width of the state-of-the-art…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Oumarou Oumarou , Alexandru Paler , Robert Basmadjian

We present a novel Clifford+T decomposition of a Toffoli gate. Our decomposition requires no SWAP gates in order to be implemented on 2D square lattices of qubits. This decomposition enables shallower, more fault-tolerant quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-22 Alexandru Paler , Evan E. Dobbs , Joseph S. Friedman

Among the cost metrics characterizing a quantum circuit, the $T$-count stands out as one of the most crucial as its minimization is particularly important in various areas of quantum computation such as fault-tolerant quantum computing and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Vivien Vandaele

In fault-tolerant quantum circuit synthesis, T gates supplied via magic states dominate space-time cost, while Clifford gates incur negligible overhead. Conventional flows minimize AND count in an {XOR, AND, NOT} basis as a proxy for T,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-18 Hanyu Wang , Mingfei Yu , Xinrui Wu , Jason Cong

We introduce a measure for evaluating the efficiency of finite universal quantum gate sets $\mathcal{S}$, called the Quantum Circuit Overhead (QCO), and the related notion of $T$-Quantum Circuit Overhead ($T$-QCO). QCO compares the circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Oskar Słowik , Piotr Dulian , Adam Sawicki

We introduce a fault-tolerant construction to implement a composite quantum operation of four overlapping Toffoli gates. The same construction can produce two independent Toffoli gates. This result lowers resource overheads in designs for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-06 Cody Jones

While implementing a quantum algorithm it is crucial to reduce the quantum resources, in order to obtain the desired computational advantage. For most fault-tolerant quantum error-correcting codes the cost of implementing the non-Clifford…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-02-10 Vlad Gheorghiu , Michele Mosca , Priyanka Mukhopadhyay

Quantum circuits for mathematical functions such as division are necessary to use quantum computers for scientific computing. Quantum circuits based on Clifford+T gates can easily be made fault-tolerant but the T gate is very costly to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-27 Himanshu Thapliyal , Edgard Muñoz-Coreas , T. S. S. Varun , Travis S. Humble

We present the first exact quantum adder with sublinear depth and no ancilla qubits. Our construction is based on classical reversible logic only and employs low-depth implementations for the CNOT ladder operator and the Toffoli ladder…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-04 Maxime Remaud , Vivien Vandaele

We present quantum networks for a n-qubit controlled gate C^{n-1}(U) which use a higher dimensional (qudit) ancilla as a catalyser. In its simplest form the network has only n two-particle gates (qubit-qudit) -- this is the minimum number…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-15 Radu Ionicioiu , Timothy P. Spiller , William J. Munro

We prove several new lower bounds for constant depth quantum circuits. The main result is that parity (and hence fanout) requires log depth circuits, when the circuits are composed of single qubit and arbitrary size Toffoli gates, and when…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Maosen Fang , Stephen Fenner , Frederic Green , Steven Homer , Yong Zhang

We introduce conditionally clean ancilla qubits, a new quantum resource, recently explored by [NZS24], that bridges the gap between traditional clean and dirty ancillae. Like dirty ancillae, they begin and end in an unknown state and can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Tanuj Khattar , Craig Gidney

In this paper, we settle the long-standing open problem of the minimum cost of two-qubit gates for simulating a Toffoli gate. More precisely, we show that five two-qubit gates are necessary. Before our work, it is known that five gates are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-24 Nengkun Yu , Runyao Duan , Mingsheng Ying

Progress in quantum hardware design is progressing toward machines of sufficient size to begin realizing quantum algorithms in disciplines such as encryption and physics. Quantum circuits for addition are crucial to realize many quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-10 Himanshu Thapliyal , Edgard Muñoz-Coreas , Vladislav Khalus