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We report on the high-precision timing of 42 radio millisecond pulsars (MSPs) observed by the European Pulsar Timing Array (EPTA). This EPTA Data Release 1.0 extends up to mid-2014 and baselines range from 7-18 years. It forms the basis for…

At nanohertz frequencies gravitational waves (GWs) cause variations in time-of-arrival of pulsar signals potentially measurable via precision timing observations. Here we compute very-low-frequency GW sensitivity constrained by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-03-17 Fredrick A. Jenet , J. W. Armstrong , Massimo Tinto

Pulsars are known to display short-term variability. Recently, examples of longer-term emission variability have emerged that are often correlated with changes in the rotational properties of the pulsar. To further illuminate this…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-01-27 P. R. Brook , A. Karastergiou , S. Johnston , M. Kerr , R. M. Shannon , S. J. Roberts

Fermi LAT observations of gamma-ray pulsars can be used to build a pulsar timing array (PTA) experiment to search for gravitational wave (GW) signals at nanohertz frequencies. At those frequencies, the dominant signal is expected to be a…

We perform a Bayesian search in the latest Pulsar Timing Array (PTA) datasets for a stochastic gravitational wave (GW) background sourced by curvature perturbations at scales $10^5~\text{Mpc}^{-1}\lesssim k\lesssim 10^8~\text{Mpc}^{-1}$.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-06 Virgile Dandoy , Valerie Domcke , Fabrizio Rompineve

Pulsar timing experiments aimed at the detection of gravitational radiation have been performed for decades now. With the forthcoming construction of large arrays capable of tracking multiple millisecond pulsars, it is very likely we will…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-05-27 Marcio Eduardo da Silva Alves , Massimo Tinto

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) are designed to detect low-frequency gravitational waves (GWs). GWs induce achromatic signals in PTA data, meaning that the timing delays do not depend on radio-frequency. However, pulse arrival times are also…

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) might detect gravitational waves (GWs) from massive black hole (MBH) binaries within this decade. The signal is expected to be an incoherent superposition of several nearly-monochromatic waves of different…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Antoine Petiteau , Stanislav Babak , Alberto Sesana , Mariana de Araujo

Pulsar timing array (PTA) collaborations recently presented evidence for a gravitational-wave background (GWB) signal at nanohertz frequencies. In this paper, we introduce new refitting techniques for PTA data analysis that elevate related…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-01 David Esmyol , Antonio J. Iovino , Kai Schmitz

Pulsar Timing Arrays search for nanohertz-frequency gravitational waves by regularly observing ensembles of millisecond pulsars over many years to look for correlated timing residuals. Recently the first evidence for a stochastic…

We study statistical properties of stochastic variations in pulse arrival times, timing noise, in radio pulsars using a new analysis method applied in the time domain. The method proceeds in two steps. First, we subtract low-frequency…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Steve Price , Bennett Link , Steve Shore , David Nice

Pulsar timing arrays (PTA) have the promise to detect gravitational waves (GWs) from sources which are in a unique frequency range of 10^-9 - 10^-6 Hz. This in turn also provides an opportunity to test the theory of general relativity in…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-10-07 Adrian Boîtier , Shubhanshu Tiwari , Lionel Philippoz , Philippe Jetzer

We present a method of searching for, and parameterizing, signals from known radio pulsars in data from interferometric gravitational wave detectors. This method has been applied to data from the LIGO and GEO 600 detectors to set upper…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-05-29 Réjean J. Dupuis , Graham Woan

A pulsar timing array (PTA) refers to a program of regular, high-precision timing observations of a widely distributed array of millisecond pulsars. Here we review the status of the three primary PTA projects and the joint International…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-04-03 George Hobbs , Shi Dai

Over the past decade and a half, adoption of Bayesian inference in pulsar timing analysis has led to increasingly sophisticated models. The recent announcement of evidence for a stochastic background of gravitational waves by various pulsar…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-11-28 Rutger van Haasteren

Evidence has emerged for a stochastic signal correlated among 67 pulsars within the 15-year pulsar-timing data set compiled by the NANOGrav collaboration. Similar signals have been found in data from the European, Indian, Parkes, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-26 Gabriella Agazie , Akash Anumarlapudi , Anne M. Archibald , Zaven Arzoumanian , Jeremy G. Baier , Paul T. Baker , Bence Becsy , Laura Blecha , Adam Brazier , Paul R. Brook , Sarah Burke-Spolaor , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Maria Charisi , Shami Chatterjee , Tyler Cohen , James M. Cordes , Neil J. Cornish , Fronefield Crawford , H. Thankful Cromartie , Kathryn Crowter , Megan E. DeCesar , Paul B. Demorest , Heling Deng , Lankeswar Dey , Timothy Dolch , Elizabeth C. Ferrara , William Fiore , Emmanuel Fonseca , Gabriel E. Freedman , Emiko C. Gardiner , Nate Garver-Daniels , Peter A. Gentile , Kyle A. Gersbach , Joseph Glaser , Deborah C. Good , Lydia Guertin , Kayhan Gultekin , Jeffrey S. Hazboun , Ross J. Jennings , Aaron D. Johnson , Megan L. Jones , Andrew R. Kaiser , David L. Kaplan , Luke Zoltan Kelley , Matthew Kerr , Joey S. Key , Nima Laal , Michael T. Lam , William G. Lamb , Bjorn Larsen , T. Joseph W. Lazio , Natalia Lewandowska , Tingting Liu , Duncan R. Lorimer , Jing Luo , Ryan S. Lynch , Chung-Pei Ma , Dustin R. Madison , Alexander McEwen , James W. McKee , Maura A. McLaughlin , Natasha McMann , Bradley W. Meyers , Patrick M. Meyers , Hannah Middleton , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Andrea Mitridate , Christopher J. Moore , Cherry Ng , David J. Nice , Stella Koch Ocker , Ken D. Olum , Timothy T. Pennucci , Benetge B. P. Perera , Nihan S. Pol , Henri A. Radovan , Scott M. Ransom , Paul S. Ray , Joseph D. Romano , Jessie C. Runnoe , Alexander Saffer , Shashwat C. Sardesai , Ann Schmiedekamp , Carl Schmiedekamp , Kai Schmitz , Brent J. Shapiro-Albert , Xavier Siemens , Joseph Simon , Magdalena S. Siwek , Sophia V. Sosa Fiscella , Ingrid H. Stairs , Daniel R. Stinebring , Kevin Stovall , Abhimanyu Susobhanan , Joseph K. Swiggum , Stephen R. Taylor , Jacob E. Turner , Caner Unal , Michele Vallisneri , Alberto Vecchio , Sarah J. Vigeland , Haley M. Wahl , Caitlin A. Witt , David Wright , Olivia Young

Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTA) around the world are using the incredible consistency of millisecond pulsars to measure low frequency gravitational waves from (super)Massive Black Hole (MBH) binaries. We use comprehensive MBH merger models based…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-06 Luke Zoltan Kelley , Laura Blecha , Lars Hernquist , Alberto Sesana , Stephen R. Taylor

We investigate the impact of noise processes on high-precision pulsar timing. Our analysis focuses on the measurability of the second spin frequency derivative $\ddot{\nu}$. This $\ddot{\nu}$ can be induced by several factors including the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-07-09 X. J. Liu , M. J. Keith , C. Bassa , B. W. Stappers

The recent detection of nanohertz stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds (SGWBs) by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) promises unique insights into astrophysical and cosmological origins. However, traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-06-12 Junrong Lai , Changhong Li

An algorithm is proposed for constructing a group (ensemble) pulsar time based on the application of optimal Wiener filters. This algorithm makes it possible to separate the contributions of variations of the atomic time scale and of the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-08-08 A. E. Rodin , Ding Chen