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AIMS: We develop an optimization principle for computing stationary MHD equilibria. METHODS: Our code for the self-consistent computation of the coronal magnetic fields and the coronal plasma uses non-force-free MHD equilibria. Previous…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Thomas Wiegelmann , Thomas Neukirch

Extrapolation codes in Cartesian geometry for modelling the magnetic field in the corona do not take the curvature of the Sun's surface into account and can only be applied to relatively small areas, e.g., a single active region. We compare…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Tilaye Tadesse , T. Wiegelmann , B. Inhester , P. MacNeice , A. Pevtsov , X. Sun

Magnetic field extrapolation from the solar photosphere to the corona plays an important role in solar physics research. In this work, we present a fully-implicit viscous-relaxation nonlinear force-free field (FIVR-NLFFF) extrapolation code…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-18 Zhenhua Liu , Chaowei Jiang

Circuit models involving bulk currents and inductances are often used to estimate the energies of coronal magnetic field configurations, in particular configurations associated with solar flares. The accuracy of circuit models is tested by…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 M. S. Wheatland , F. J. Farvis

Measurement of the coronal magnetic field is a crucial ingredient in understanding the nature of solar coronal phenomena at all scales. We employed STEREO/COR1 data obtained during a deep minimum of solar activity in February 2008…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-05-06 M. Kramar , V. Airapetian , Z. Mikić , J. Davila

Deriving the strength and direction of the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic field in the solar atmosphere is fundamental for understanding its dynamics. Volume information on the magnetic field mostly relies on coupling 3D reconstruction…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2019-06-05 K. Dalmasse , A. Savcheva , S. E. Gibson , Y. Fan , D. W. Nychka , N. Flyer , N. Mathews , E. E. DeLuca

Numerical reconstruction/extrapolation of coronal nonlinear force-free magnetic field (NLFFF) usually takes the photospheric vector magnetogram as input at the bottom boundary. Magnetic field observed at the photosphere, however, contains…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Chaowei Jiang , Xueshang Feng

The structure and dynamics of the solar corona is dominated by the magnetic field. In most areas in the corona magnetic forces are so dominant that all non-magnetic forces like plasma pressure gradient and gravity can be neglected in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-24 Thomas Wiegelmann , Takashi Sakurai

Observations of surface magnetic fields are now within reach for many stellar types thanks to the development of Zeeman-Doppler Imaging. These observations are extremely useful for constraining rotational evolution models of stars, as well…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-09-24 Victor Réville , Allan Sacha Brun , Antoine Strugarek , Sean P. Matt , Jérôme Bouvier , Colin P. Folsom , Pascal Petit

Four different approximate approaches used to model the stressing of coronal magnetic fields due to an imposed photospheric motion are compared with each other and the results from a full time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) code. The…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-28 E. E. Goldstraw , A. W. Hood , P. K. Browning , P. J. Cargill

We present a method for parametric modelling of the physical components of the Galaxy's magnetised interstellar medium, simulating the observables, and mapping out the likelihood space using a Markov Chain Monte-Carlo analysis. We then…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2010-01-29 T. R. Jaffe , J. P. Leahy , A. J. Banday , S. M. Leach , S. R. Lowe , A. Wilkinson

Based on a second-order approximation of nonlinear force-free magnetic field solutions in terms of uniformly twisted field lines derived in Paper I, we develop here a numeric code that is capable to forward-fit such analytical solutions to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Markus J. Aschwanden , Anna Malanushenko

Magnetic fields in the solar corona are responsible for a wide range of phenomena. However, any direct measurements of the coronal magnetic fields are very difficult due to lack of suitable spectral lines, weak magnetic fields, and high…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2013-10-28 P. Vemareddy , A. Ambastha , T. Wiegelmann

We present a new general relativistic hydrodynamics code specifically designed to study magneto-rotational, relativistic, stellar core collapse. The code is an extension of an existing (and thoroughly tested) hydrodynamics code, which has…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 P. Cerdá-Durán , J. A. Font

Measurements of the stellar coronal magnetic field are of great importance in understanding the stellar magnetic activity, yet the measurements have been extremely difficult. Recent studies proposed a new method of magnetic field…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-10-26 Xianyu Liu , Hui Tian , Yajie Chen , Wenxian Li , Meng Jin , Xianyong Bai , Zihao Yang

We derive an analytical approximation of nonlinear force-free magnetic field solutions (NLFFF) that can efficiently be used for fast forward-fitting to solar magnetic data, constrained either by observed line-of-sight magnetograms and…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-27 Markus J. Aschwanden

Magnetic field extrapolation is a fundamental tool to reconstruct the three-dimensional magnetic field above the solar photosphere. However, the prevalently used force-free field model might not be applicable in the lower atmosphere with…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-12 Fu Yu , Jie Zhao , Yang Su , Xiaoshuai Zhu , Yang Guo , Jinhua Shen , Hui Li

The three-dimensional (3D) coordinates of stereoscopically triangulated loops provide strong constraints for magnetic field models of active regions in the solar corona. Here we use STEREO/A and B data from some 500 stereoscopically…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Markus J. Aschwanden , Jean-Pierre Wuelser , Nariaki V. Nitta , James R. Lemen , Marc L. DeRosa , Anna Malanushenko

Nonlinear Force-free Field (NLFFF) models are widely used to investigate coronal magnetic field structure in solar active regions, but methods to validate them remain limited. Here, we use Gaussian separation, recently applied to solar…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-12 Abhinav G. Iyer , Michael S. Wheatland , Brian T. Welsch , Yang Liu , S. A. Gilchrist

In this work we describe a numerical optimization method for computing stationary MHD-equilibria. The newly developed code is based on a nonlinear force-free optimization principle. We apply our code to model the solar corona using synoptic…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-11-11 Thomas Wiegelmann , Thomas Neukirch , Dieter H. Nickeler , Iulia Chifu