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This paper describes a fast approach to automatic point label de-confliction on interactive maps. The general Map Labeling problem is NP-hard and has been the subject of much study for decades. Computerized maps have introduced interactive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-09-27 Kevin Mote

Point-feature label placement (PFLP) is a major area of interest within the filed of automated cartography, geographic information systems (GIS), and computer graphics. The objective of a label placement problem is to assign a label to each…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-12-19 Yasemin Ozkan Aydin , Kemal Leblebicioglu

Visualizing spatial data on small-screen devices such as smartphones and smartwatches poses new challenges in computational cartography. The current interfaces for map exploration require their users to zoom in and out frequently. Indeed,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Sven Gedicke , Annika Bonerath , Benjamin Niedermann , Jan-Henrik Haunert

Map labeling is a classical problem in cartography and geographic information systems (GIS) that asks to place labels for area, line, and point features, with the goal to select and place the maximum number of independent, i.e.,…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2022-02-18 Sujoy Bhore , Guangping Li , Martin Nöllenburg

The increased availability of interactive maps on the Internet and on personal mobile devices has created new challenges in computational cartography and, in particular, for label placement in maps. Operations like rotation, zoom, and…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-09-22 Lukas Barth , Benjamin Niedermann , Martin Nöllenburg , Darren Strash

Label placement in maps is a very challenging task that is critical for the overall map quality. Most previous work focused on designing and implementing fully automatic solutions, but the resulting visual and aesthetic quality has not…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Fabian Klute , Guangping Li , Raphael Löffler , Martin Nöllenburg , Manuela Schmidt

In three-dimensional geographical scenes, adding labels with leader lines to point features can significantly improve their visibility. Leadered labels have a large degree of freedom in position con-figuration, but existing methods are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Zhiwei Wei , Nai Yang , Wenjia Xu , Su Ding , Li Minmin , Li You , Guo Renzhong

The labeling of point features on a map is a well-studied topic. In a static setting, the goal is to find a non-overlapping label placement for (a subset of) point features. In a dynamic setting, the set of point features and their…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Thomas Depian , Guangping Li , Martin Nöllenburg , Jules Wulms

We consider the following problem of labeling points in a dynamic map that allows rotation. We are given a set of points in the plane labeled by a set of mutually disjoint labels, where each label is an axis-aligned rectangle attached with…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-04-08 Andreas Gemsa , Martin Nöllenburg , Ignaz Rutter

Dynamic maps that allow continuous map rotations, e.g., on mobile devices, encounter new issues unseen in static map labeling before. We study the following dynamic map labeling problem: The input is a static, labeled map, i.e., a set P of…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2011-05-02 Andreas Gemsa , Martin Nöllenburg , Ignaz Rutter

In this paper we introduce trajectory-based labeling, a new variant of dynamic map labeling, where a movement trajectory for the map viewport is given. We define a general labeling model and study the active range maximization problem in…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2013-09-17 Andreas Gemsa , Benjamin Niedermann , Martin Nöllenburg

Point feature map labeling is a geometric problem, in which a set of input points must be labeled with a set of disjoint rectangles (the bounding boxes of the label texts). Typically, labeling models either use internal labels, which must…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-01-28 Maarten Löffler , Martin Nöllenburg , Frank Staals

Labels are widely used in augmented reality (AR) to display digital information. Ensuring the readability of AR labels requires placing them occlusion-free while keeping visual linkings legible, especially when multiple labels exist in the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Chen Zhu-Tian , Daniele Chiappalupi , Tica Lin , Yalong Yang , Johanna Beyer , Hanspeter Pfister

We present a simple and efficient method based on deep learning to automatically decompose sketched objects into semantically valid parts. We train a deep neural network to transfer existing segmentations and labelings from 3D models to…

Graphics · Computer Science 2018-08-01 Lei Li , Hongbo Fu , Chiew-Lan Tai

Legible labels should not overlap with other labels and other marks in a chart. When a chart contains a large number of data points, manually positioning these labels for each data point in the chart is a tedious task. A labeling algorithm…

Graphics · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Chanwut Kittivorawong

Label estimation is an important component in an unsupervised person re-identification (re-ID) system. This paper focuses on cross-camera label estimation, which can be subsequently used in feature learning to learn robust re-ID models.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-09-28 Mang Ye , Andy J Ma , Liang Zheng , Jiawei Li , P C Yuen

Label placement is a critical aspect of map design, serving as a form of spatial annotation that directly impacts clarity and interpretability. Despite its importance, label placement remains largely manual and difficult to scale, as…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Harry Shomer , Jiejun Xu

Object localization is an important computer vision problem with a variety of applications. The lack of large scale object-level annotations and the relative abundance of image-level labels makes a compelling case for weak supervision in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-03-30 Archith J. Bency , Heesung Kwon , Hyungtae Lee , S. Karthikeyan , B. S. Manjunath

The cost of drawing object bounding boxes (i.e. labeling) for millions of images is prohibitively high. For instance, labeling pedestrians in a regular urban image could take 35 seconds on average. Active learning aims to reduce the cost of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-22 Hamed H. Aghdam , Abel Gonzalez-Garcia , Joost van de Weijer , Antonio M. López

Building on progress in feature representations for image retrieval, image-based localization has seen a surge of research interest. Image-based localization has the advantage of being inexpensive and efficient, often avoiding the use of 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-12 Janine Thoma , Danda Pani Paudel , Ajad Chhatkuli , Thomas Probst , Luc Van Gool
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