Related papers: Difference between three quantities
The higher order matching problem is the problem of determining whether a term is an instance of another in the simply typed $\lambda$-calculus, i.e. to solve the equation a = b where a and b are simply typed $\lambda$-terms and b is…
One of the main notions of information theory is the notion of mutual information in two messages (two random variables in Shannon information theory or two binary strings in algorithmic information theory). The mutual information in $x$…
Bregman divergences are a class of distance-like comparison functions which play fundamental roles in optimization, statistics, and information theory. One important property of Bregman divergences is that they cause two useful formulations…
We introduce a linear algebraic object called a bidiagonal triple. A bidiagonal triple consists of three diagonalizable linear transformations on a finite-dimensional vector space, each of which acts in a bidiagonal fashion on the…
By using a variational principle we find a necessary and sufficient condition for an operator to majorise the parallel sum of two positive definite operators. This result is then used as a vehicle to create new operator inequalities…
Many fundamental and key objects in quantum mechanics are linear mappings between particular affine/linear spaces. This structure includes basic quantum elements such as states, measurements, channels, instruments, non-signalling channels…
In this note, we will discuss what kind of operators between C*-algebras preserves Jordan triple products {a,b,c}= (ab*c + cb*a)/2. These include especially isometries and disjointness preserving operators.
Fundamental duality is a concept which refers to two irreducible, heterogeneous principles which are in opposite and complementary of each other. The complementary principle in quantum mechanics is also praised by Bohr. This important…
This article offers a 3-parameter model of testing, with 1) the difference between the ability level of the examinee and item difficulty; 2) the examinee discrimination and 3) the item discrimination as model parameters.
Standard quantum mechanics undeniably violates the notion of separability that classical physics accustomed us to consider as valid. By relating the phenomenon of quantum nonseparability to the all-important concept of potentiality, we…
Inheritances, divorces or liquidations of companies require common assets to be divided among the entitled parties. Legal methods usually consider the market value of goods, while fair division theory takes into account the parties'…
We describe an inequality of finite or infinite sequences of real numbers and their quotients. More precisely, we compare the quotient of H\"older functionals of two sequences of numbers with the sum of their quotients. In the last section…
In this paper, we focus on the difference analogue of the Stothers-Mason theorem for entire functions of order less than 1, which can be seen as difference $abc$ theorem for entire functions. We also obtain the difference analogue of…
The point of building a quantum computer is that it allows to model living things with predictive power and gives the opportunity to control life. Its scaling means not just the improvement of the instrument part, but also, mainly,…
To describe certain facets of non-classicality, it is necessary to quantify properties of operations instead of states. This is the case if one wants to quantify how well an operation detects non-classicality, which is a necessary…
We introduce the quantum $j$-invariant in positive characteristic as a multi-valued, modular-invariant function of a local function field. In this paper, we concentrate on basic definitions and questions of convergence. Note: This version…
The concept of a superposition is a revolutionary novelty introduced by Quantum Mechanics. If a system may be in any one of two pure states x and y, we must consider that it may also be in any one of many superpositions of x and y. An…
Quantum theory is formulated as the only consistent way to manipulate probability amplitudes. The crucial ingredient is a consistency constraint: if there are two different ways to compute an amplitude the two answers must agree. This…
We mainly establish a monotonicity property between some special Riemann sums of a convex function $f$ on $[a,b]$, which in particular yields that $\frac{b-a}{n+1}\sum_{i=0}^n f\left(a+i\frac{b-a}{n}\right)$ is decreasing while…
This paper establishes calculus upon two physical facts: (1) any average velocity is always between two instantaneous velocities, and (2) the motion of an object is determined once its velocity has been determined. It directly defines…