Related papers: Zero Impact Parameter White Dwarf Collisions in FL…

Six detached white-dwarf close binaries

We determine the orbits of four double degenerate systems (DDs), composed of two white dwarfs, and of two white dwarf -- M dwarf binaries. The four DDs, WD1022+050, WD1428+373, WD1824+040, and WD2032+188, show orbital periods of 1.157155(5)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 L. Morales-Rueda , T. R. Marsh , P. F. L. Maxted , G. Nelemans , C. Karl , R. Napiwotzki , C. K. J. Moran

Violent mergers of nearly equal-mass white dwarf as progenitors of subluminous Type Ia supernovae

The origin of subluminous Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) has long eluded any explanation, as all Chandrasekhar-mass models have severe problems reproducing them. Recently, it has been proposed that violent mergers of two white dwarfs of 0.9…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 R. Pakmor , S. Hachinger , F. K. Roepke , W. Hillebrandt

Thermonuclear explosions of Chandrasekhar-mass C+O white dwarfs

First results of simulations are presented which compute the dynamical evolution of a Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarf, consisting of equal amounts of carbon and oxygen, from the onset of violent thermonuclear burning, by means of a new…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-09-25 M. Reinecke , W. Hillebrandt , J. C. Niemeyer

Three Dimensional Core-Collapse Supernova Simulations with 160 Isotopic Species Evolved to Shock Breakout

We present three-dimensional simulations of core-collapse supernovae using the FLASH code that follow the progression of the explosion to the stellar surface, starting from neutrino-radiation hydrodynamic simulations of the neutrino-driven…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-11-15 Michael A. Sandoval , W. Raphael Hix , O. E. Bronson Messer , Eric J. Lentz , J. Austin Harris

Elliptic flow of electrons from heavy-flavor hadron decays in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = $ 200, 62.4, and 39 GeV

We present measurements of elliptic flow ($v_2$) of electrons from the decays of heavy-flavor hadrons ($e_{HF}$) by the STAR experiment. For Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = $ 200 GeV we report $v_2$, for transverse momentum ($p_T$)…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2017-03-17 STAR Collaboration , L. Adamczyk , J. K. Adkins , G. Agakishiev , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , N. N. Ajitanand , I. Alekseev , D. M. Anderson , R. Aoyama , A. Aparin , D. Arkhipkin , E. C. Aschenauer , M. U. Ashraf , A. Attri , G. S. Averichev , X. Bai , V. Bairathi , A. Behera , R. Bellwied , A. Bhasin , A. K. Bhati , P. Bhattarai , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , L. C. Bland , I. G. Bordyuzhin , J. Bouchet , J. D. Brandenburg , A. V. Brandin , D. Brown , I. Bunzarov , J. Butterworth , H. Caines , M. Calderon de la Barca Sanchez , J. M. Campbell , D. Cebra , I. Chakaberia , P. Chaloupka , Z. Chang , N. Chankova-Bunzarova , A. Chatterjee , S. Chattopadhyay , X. Chen , J. H. Chen , X. Chen , J. Cheng , M. Cherney , W. Christie , G. Contin , H. J. Crawford , S. Das , L. C. De Silva , R. R. Debbe , T. G. Dedovich , J. Deng , A. A. Derevschikov , L. Didenko , C. Dilks , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , J. E. Draper , L. E. Dunkelberger , J. C. Dunlop , L. G. Efimov , N. Elsey , J. Engelage , G. Eppley , R. Esha , S. Esumi , O. Evdokimov , J. Ewigleben , O. Eyser , R. Fatemi , S. Fazio , P. Federic , P. Federicova , J. Fedorisin , Z. Feng , P. Filip , E. Finch , Y. Fisyak , C. E. Flores , L. Fulek , C. A. Gagliardi , D. Garand , F. Geurts , A. Gibson , M. Girard , D. Grosnick , D. S. Gunarathne , Y. Guo , S. Gupta , A. Gupta , W. Guryn , A. I. Hamad , A. Hamed , A. Harlenderova , J. W. Harris , L. He , S. Heppelmann , S. Heppelmann , A. Hirsch , G. W. Hoffmann , S. Horvat , H. Z. Huang , X. Huang , B. Huang , T. Huang , T. J. Humanic , P. Huo , G. Igo , W. W. Jacobs , A. Jentsch , J. Jia , K. Jiang , S. Jowzaee , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , K. Kauder , H. W. Ke , D. Keane , A. Kechechyan , Z. Khan , D. P. Kikola , I. Kisel , A. Kisiel , L. Kochenda , M. Kocmanek , T. Kollegger , L. K. Kosarzewski , A. F. Kraishan , P. Kravtsov , K. Krueger , N. Kulathunga , L. Kumar , J. Kvapil , J. H. Kwasizur , R. Lacey , J. M. Landgraf , K. D. Landry , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , R. Lednicky , J. H. Lee , X. Li , C. Li , Y. Li , W. Li , J. Lidrych , T. Lin , M. A. Lisa , P. Liu , Y. Liu , F. Liu , H. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , M. Lomnitz , R. S. Longacre , X. Luo , S. Luo , Y. G. Ma , L. Ma , R. Ma , G. L. Ma , N. Magdy , R. Majka , D. Mallick , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. S. Matis , K. Meehan , J. C. Mei , Z. W. Miller , N. G. Minaev , S. Mioduszewski , D. Mishra , S. Mizuno , B. Mohanty , M. M. Mondal , D. A. Morozov , M. K. Mustafa , Md. Nasim , T. K. Nayak , J. M. Nelson , M. Nie , G. Nigmatkulov , T. Niida , L. V. Nogach , T. Nonaka , S. B. Nurushev , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , K. Oh , V. A. Okorokov , D. Olvitt , B. S. Page , R. Pak , Y. Pandit , Y. Panebratsev , B. Pawlik , H. Pei , C. Perkins , P. Pile , J. Pluta , K. Poniatowska , J. Porter , M. Posik , A. M. Poskanzer , N. K. Pruthi , M. Przybycien , J. Putschke , H. Qiu , A. Quintero , S. Ramachandran , R. L. Ray , R. Reed , M. J. Rehbein , H. G. Ritter , J. B. Roberts , O. V. Rogachevskiy , J. L. Romero , J. D. Roth , L. Ruan , J. Rusnak , O. Rusnakova , N. R. Sahoo , P. K. Sahu , S. Salur , J. Sandweiss , M. Saur , J. Schambach , A. M. Schmah , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , B. R. Schweid , J. Seger , M. Sergeeva , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , E. Shahaliev , P. V. Shanmuganathan , M. Shao , M. K. Sharma , A. Sharma , W. Q. Shen , Z. Shi , S. S. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , E. P. Sichtermann , R. Sikora , M. Simko , S. Singha , M. J. Skoby , N. Smirnov , D. Smirnov , W. Solyst , L. Song , P. Sorensen , H. M. Spinka , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , R. Stock , M. Strikhanov , B. Stringfellow , T. Sugiura , M. Sumbera , B. Summa , Y. Sun , X. M. Sun , X. Sun , B. Surrow , D. N. Svirida , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , A. Taranenko , T. Tarnowsky , A. Tawfik , J. Thader , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , T. Todoroki , M. Tokarev , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , P. Tribedy , S. K. Tripathy , B. A. Trzeciak , O. D. Tsai , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , I. Upsal , G. Van Buren , G. van Nieuwenhuizen , A. N. Vasiliev , F. Videbaek , S. Vokal , S. A. Voloshin , A. Vossen , G. Wang , Y. Wang , F. Wang , Y. Wang , J. C. Webb , G. Webb , L. Wen , G. D. Westfall , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , Y. Wu , Z. G. Xiao , W. Xie , G. Xie , J. Xu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , W. Xu , Y. F. Xu , Z. Xu , Y. Yang , Q. Yang , C. Yang , S. Yang , Z. Ye , Z. Ye , L. Yi , K. Yip , I. -K. Yoo , N. Yu , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , Z. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , J. B. Zhang , S. Zhang , J. Zhang , Y. Zhang , J. Zhang , S. Zhang , J. Zhao , C. Zhong , L. Zhou , C. Zhou , X. Zhu , Z. Zhu , M. Zyzak

Measurement of D$^0$-meson + hadron two-dimensional angular correlations in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = $ 200 GeV

Open heavy flavor hadrons provide unique probes of the medium produced in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Due to their increased mass relative to light-flavor hadrons, long lifetime, and early production in hard-scattering…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2020-07-15 STAR Collaboration , J. Adam , L. Adamczyk , J. R. Adams , J. K. Adkins , G. Agakishiev , M. M. Aggarwal , Z. Ahammed , I. Alekseev , D. M. Anderson , A. Aparin , E. C. Aschenauer , M. U. Ashraf , F. G. Atetalla , A. Attri , G. S. Averichev , V. Bairathi , K. Barish , A. Behera , R. Bellwied , A. Bhasin , J. Bielcik , J. Bielcikova , L. C. Bland , I. G. Bordyuzhin , J. D. Brandenburg , A. V. Brandin , J. Butterworth , H. Caines , M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez , D. Cebra , I. Chakaberia , P. Chaloupka , B. K. Chan , F-H. Chang , Z. Chang , N. Chankova-Bunzarova , A. Chatterjee , D. Chen , J. H. Chen , X. Chen , Z. Chen , J. Cheng , M. Cherney , M. Chevalier , S. Choudhury , W. Christie , X. Chu , H. J. Crawford , M. Csanád , M. Daugherity , T. G. Dedovich , I. M. Deppner , A. A. Derevschikov , L. Didenko , X. Dong , J. L. Drachenberg , J. C. Dunlop , T. Edmonds , N. Elsey , J. Engelage , G. Eppley , R. Esha , S. Esumi , O. Evdokimov , J. Ewigleben , O. Eyser , R. Fatemi , S. Fazio , P. Federic , J. Fedorisin , C. J. Feng , Y. Feng , P. Filip , E. Finch , Y. Fisyak , A. Francisco , L. Fulek , C. A. Gagliardi , T. Galatyuk , F. Geurts , A. Gibson , K. Gopal , D. Grosnick , W. Guryn , A. I. Hamad , A. Hamed , J. W. Harris , W. He , X. He , S. Heppelmann , S. Heppelmann , N. Herrmann , E. Hoffman , L. Holub , Y. Hong , S. Horvat , Y. Hu , H. Z. Huang , S. L. Huang , T. Huang , X. Huang , T. J. Humanic , P. Huo , G. Igo , D. Isenhower , W. W. Jacobs , C. Jena , A. Jentsch , Y. JI , J. Jia , K. Jiang , S. Jowzaee , X. Ju , E. G. Judd , S. Kabana , M. L. Kabir , S. Kagamaster , D. Kalinkin , K. Kang , D. Kapukchyan , K. Kauder , H. W. Ke , D. Keane , A. Kechechyan , M. Kelsey , Y. V. Khyzhniak , D. P. Kikoła , C. Kim , B. Kimelman , D. Kincses , T. A. Kinghorn , I. Kisel , A. Kiselev , A. Kisiel , M. Kocan , L. Kochenda , L. K. Kosarzewski , L. Kramarik , P. Kravtsov , K. Krueger , N. Kulathunga Mudiyanselage , L. Kumar , R. Kunnawalkam Elayavalli , J. H. Kwasizur , R. Lacey , S. Lan , J. M. Landgraf , J. Lauret , A. Lebedev , R. Lednicky , J. H. Lee , Y. H. Leung , C. Li , W. Li , W. Li , X. Li , Y. Li , Y. Liang , R. Licenik , T. Lin , Y. Lin , M. A. Lisa , F. Liu , H. Liu , P. Liu , P. Liu , T. Liu , X. Liu , Y. Liu , Z. Liu , T. Ljubicic , W. J. Llope , R. S. Longacre , N. S. Lukow , S. Luo , X. Luo , G. L. Ma , L. Ma , R. Ma , Y. G. Ma , N. Magdy , R. Majka , D. Mallick , S. Margetis , C. Markert , H. S. Matis , J. A. Mazer , N. G. Minaev , S. Mioduszewski , B. Mohanty , I. Mooney , Z. Moravcova , D. A. Morozov , M. Nagy , J. D. Nam , Md. Nasim , K. Nayak , D. Neff , J. M. Nelson , D. B. Nemes , M. Nie , G. Nigmatkulov , T. Niida , L. V. Nogach , T. Nonaka , G. Odyniec , A. Ogawa , S. Oh , V. A. Okorokov , B. S. Page , R. Pak , A. Pandav , Y. Panebratsev , B. Pawlik , D. Pawlowska , H. Pei , C. Perkins , L. Pinsky , R. L. Pintér , J. Pluta , J. Porter , M. Posik , N. K. Pruthi , M. Przybycien , J. Putschke , H. Qiu , A. Quintero , S. K. Radhakrishnan , S. Ramachandran , R. L. Ray , R. Reed , H. G. Ritter , J. B. Roberts , O. V. Rogachevskiy , J. L. Romero , L. Ruan , J. Rusnak , N. R. Sahoo , H. Sako , S. Salur , J. Sandweiss , S. Sato , W. B. Schmidke , N. Schmitz , B. R. Schweid , F. Seck , J. Seger , M. Sergeeva , R. Seto , P. Seyboth , N. Shah , E. Shahaliev , P. V. Shanmuganathan , M. Shao , F. Shen , W. Q. Shen , S. S. Shi , Q. Y. Shou , E. P. Sichtermann , R. Sikora , M. Simko , J. Singh , S. Singha , N. Smirnov , W. Solyst , P. Sorensen , H. M. Spinka , B. Srivastava , T. D. S. Stanislaus , M. Stefaniak , D. J. Stewart , M. Strikhanov , B. Stringfellow , A. A. P. Suaide , M. Sumbera , B. Summa , X. M. Sun , Y. Sun , Y. Sun , B. Surrow , D. N. Svirida , P. Szymanski , A. H. Tang , Z. Tang , A. Taranenko , T. Tarnowsky , J. H. Thomas , A. R. Timmins , D. Tlusty , M. Tokarev , C. A. Tomkiel , S. Trentalange , R. E. Tribble , P. Tribedy , S. K. Tripathy , O. D. Tsai , Z. Tu , T. Ullrich , D. G. Underwood , I. Upsal , G. Van Buren , J. Vanek , A. N. Vasiliev , I. Vassiliev , F. Videbæk , S. Vokal , S. A. Voloshin , F. Wang , G. Wang , J. S. Wang , P. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Z. Wang , J. C. Webb , P. C. Weidenkaff , L. Wen , G. D. Westfall , H. Wieman , S. W. Wissink , R. Witt , Y. Wu , Z. G. Xiao , G. Xie , W. Xie , H. Xu , N. Xu , Q. H. Xu , Y. F. Xu , Y. Xu , Z. Xu , Z. Xu , C. Yang , Q. Yang , S. Yang , Y. Yang , Z. Yang , Z. Ye , Z. Ye , L. Yi , K. Yip , H. Zbroszczyk , W. Zha , D. Zhang , S. Zhang , S. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Z. J. Zhang , Z. Zhang , J. Zhao , C. Zhong , C. Zhou , X. Zhu , Z. Zhu , M. Zurek , M. Zyzak

Detonations in Sub-Chandrasekhar Mass C+O White Dwarfs

Explosions of sub-Chandrasekhar-mass white dwarfs are one alternative to the standard Chandrasekhar-mass model of Type Ia supernovae. They are interesting since binary systems with sub-Chandrasekhar-mass primary white dwarfs should be…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-18 S. A. Sim , F. K. Roepke , W. Hillebrandt , M. Kromer , R. Pakmor , M. Fink , A. J. Ruiter , I. R. Seitenzahl

The Evolution of Helium White Dwarfs: Applications to Millisecond Pulsars

We present a grid of evolutionary tracks for low-mass white dwarfs with helium cores in the mass range from 0.179 to 0.414 M_sun. The lower mass limit is well suited for comparison with white dwarf companions of millisecond pulsars (MSP).…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 T. Driebe , T. Bloecker , D. Schoenberner

Detonability of white dwarf plasma: turbulence models at low densities

We study the conditions required to produce self-sustained detonations in turbulent, carbon-oxygen degenerate plasma at low densities. We perform a series of three-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations of turbulence driven with various…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2020-08-13 Daniel Fenn , Tomasz Plewa

Massive White Dwarfs in the 100 pc Sample: Magnetism, Rotation, Pulsations, and the Merger Fraction

We present a detailed model atmosphere analysis of massive white dwarfs with $M > 0.9~M_\odot$ and $T_{\rm eff}\geq11,000$ K in the Montreal White Dwarf Database 100 pc sample and the Pan-STARRS footprint. We obtained follow-up optical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-09 Gracyn Jewett , Mukremin Kilic , Pierre Bergeron , Adam Moss , Simon Blouin , Warren R. Brown , Alekzander Kosakowski , Silvia Toonen , Marcel A. Agüeros

The MUCHFUSS photometric campaign

Hot subdwarfs (sdO/Bs) are the helium-burning cores of red giants, which lost almost all of their hydrogen envelopes. This mass loss is often triggered by common envelope interactions with close stellar or even substellar companions. Cool…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-06-20 V. Schaffenroth , S. Geier , U. Heber , R. Gerber , D. Schneider , E. Ziegerer , O. Cordes

Illuminating Massive Black Holes With White Dwarfs: Orbital Dynamics and High Energy Transients from Tidal Interactions

White dwarfs (WDs) can be tidally disrupted only by massive black holes (MBHs) with masses less than $\sim10^5 M_\odot$. These tidal interactions feed material to the MBH well above its Eddington limit, with the potential to launch a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-19 Morgan MacLeod , Jacqueline Goldstein , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz , James Guillochon , Johan Samsing

Towards Pair Atomic Density Fitting for Correlation Energies with Benchmark Accuracy

Pair atomic density fitting (PADF) is a promising strategy to reduce the scaling with system size of quantum chemical methods for the calculation of the correlation energy like the direct random phase approximation (RPA) or second-order…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Edoardo Spadetto , Pier Herman Theodoor Philipsen , Arno Förster , Lucas Visscher

On the brightness distribution of Type Ia supernovae from violent white dwarf mergers

We investigate the brightness distribution expected for thermonuclear explosions that might result from the ignition of a detonation during the violent merger of white dwarf (WD) binaries. Determining their brightness distribution is…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 A. J. Ruiter , S. A. Sim , R. Pakmor , M. Kromer , I. R. Seitenzahl , K. Belczynski , M. Fink , M. Herzog , W. Hillebrandt , F. K. Roepke , S. Taubenberger

Initial-Final Mass Relation for 3 to 4 M$_\odot$ Progenitors of White Dwarfs from the Single Cluster NGC 2099

We have expanded the sample of observed white dwarfs in the rich open cluster NGC 2099 (M37) with the Keck Low-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer. Of 20 white dwarf candidates, the spectroscopy shows 19 to be true white dwarfs with 14 of these…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-07-15 Jeffrey D. Cummings , Jason S. Kalirai , P. -E. Tremblay , Enrico Ramirez-Ruiz

Core Formation in Dwarf Halos with Self Interacting Dark Matter: No Fine-Tuning Necessary

We investigate the effect of self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) on the density profiles of $V_{\rm max} \simeq 40~km~s^{-1}$ isolated dwarf dark matter halos -- the scale of relevance for the too big to fail problem (TBTF) -- using very…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-08-19 Oliver D. Elbert , James S. Bullock , Shea Garrison-Kimmel , Miguel Rocha , Jose Oñorbe , Annika H. G. Peter

On the influence of supra-thermal particle acceleration on the morphology of low-Mach, high-$\beta$ shocks

When two galaxy clusters encounter each other, the interaction results in a collisionless shock that is characterized by a low (1-4) sonic Mach number, and a high Alfv{\'e}nic Mach number. Our goal is to determine if, and to what extent,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-06-24 Allard Jan van Marle

A half-ring of ionized circumstellar material trapped in the magnetosphere of a white dwarf merger remnant

Many white dwarfs are observed in compact double white dwarf binaries and, through the emission of gravitational waves, a large fraction are destined to merge. The merger remnants that do not explode in a Type Ia supernova are expected to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-11 Andrei A. Cristea , Ilaria Caiazzo , Tim Cunningham , John C. Raymond , Stephane Vennes , Adela Kawka , Aayush Desai , David R. Miller , J. J. Hermes , Jim Fuller , Jeremy Heyl , Jan van Roestel , Kevin B. Burdge , Antonio C. Rodriguez , Ingrid Pelisoli , Boris T. Gänsicke , Paula Szkody , Scott J. Kenyon , Zach Vanderbosch , Andrew Drake , Lilia Ferrario , Dayal Wickramasinghe , Viraj R. Karambelkar , Stephen Justham , Ruediger Pakmor , Kareem El-Badry , Thomas Prince , S. R. Kulkarni , Matthew J. Graham , Frank J. Masci , Steven L. Groom , Josiah Purdum , Richard Dekany , Eric C. Bellm

OGLE-2017-BLG-1038: A Possible Brown-dwarf Binary Revealed by Spitzer Microlensing Parallax

We report the analysis of microlensing event OGLE-2017-BLG-1038, observed by the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment, Korean Microlensing Telescope Network, and Spitzer telescopes. The event is caused by a giant source star in the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-16 Amber Malpas , Michael D. Albrow , Jennifer C. Yee , Andrew Gould , Andrzej Udalski , Antonio Herrera Martin , Spitzer Team , : , Charles A. Beichman , Geoffery Bryden , Sebastiano Calchi Novati , Sean Carey , Calen B. Henderson , B. Scott Gaudi , Yossi Shvartzvald , Wei Zhu , KMTNet Collaboration , : , Sang-Mok Cha , Sun-Ju Chung , Cheongho Han , Kyu-Ha Hwang , Youn Kil Jung , Dong-Jin Kim , Hyoun-Woo Kim , Seung-Lee Kim , Chung-Uk Lee , Dong-Joo Lee , Yongseok Lee , Byeong-Gon Park , Richard W. Pogge , Yoon-Hyun Ryu , In-Gu Shin , Weicheng Zang , OGLE Collaboration , : , Patryk Iwanek , Szymon Kozlowski , Przemek Mróz , Pawel Pietrukowicz , Radoslaw Poleski , Krzysztof A. Rybicki , Jan Skowron , Igor Soszyński , Michal K. Szymański , Krzysztof Ulaczyk

Inward Propagation of Nuclear-Burning Shells in Merging C-O and He White Dwarfs

We have investigated the consequences of merging double white dwarf systems by calculating evolutionary models of accreting white dwarfs. We have considered two cases; a massive C-O white dwarf of ~1M_sun accreting C-O mixture, and a low…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 H. Saio , K. Nomoto