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Summarization quality evaluation is a non-trivial task in text summarization. Contemporary methods can be mainly categorized into two scenarios: (1) reference-based: evaluating with human-labeled reference summary; (2) reference-free:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Shen Gao , Zhitao Yao , Chongyang Tao , Xiuying Chen , Pengjie Ren , Zhaochun Ren , Zhumin Chen

Tokenisation is the first step in almost all NLP tasks, and state-of-the-art transformer-based language models all use subword tokenisation algorithms to process input text. Existing algorithms have problems, often producing tokenisations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Edward Gow-Smith , Harish Tayyar Madabushi , Carolina Scarton , Aline Villavicencio

Text summarization helps readers capture salient information from documents, news, interviews, and meetings. However, most state-of-the-art pretrained language models (LM) are unable to efficiently process long text for many summarization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Yusen Zhang , Ansong Ni , Ziming Mao , Chen Henry Wu , Chenguang Zhu , Budhaditya Deb , Ahmed H. Awadallah , Dragomir Radev , Rui Zhang

Before entering the neural network, a token is generally converted to the corresponding one-hot representation, which is a discrete distribution of the vocabulary. Smoothed representation is the probability of candidate tokens obtained from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Xing Wu , Chaochen Gao , Meng Lin , Liangjun Zang , Zhongyuan Wang , Songlin Hu

Abstractive text summarization is a highly difficult problem, and the sequence-to-sequence model has shown success in improving the performance on the task. However, the generated summaries are often inconsistent with the source content in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-05-11 Bingzhen Wei , Xuancheng Ren , Xu Sun , Yi Zhang , Xiaoyan Cai , Qi Su

Fine-tuning pretrained models for automatically summarizing doctor-patient conversation transcripts presents many challenges: limited training data, significant domain shift, long and noisy transcripts, and high target summary variability.…

Most existing cross-lingual summarization (CLS) work constructs CLS corpora by simply and directly translating pre-annotated summaries from one language to another, which can contain errors from both summarization and translation processes.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Yulong Chen , Huajian Zhang , Yijie Zhou , Xuefeng Bai , Yueguan Wang , Ming Zhong , Jianhao Yan , Yafu Li , Judy Li , Michael Zhu , Yue Zhang

Text summarization is a crucial task that requires the simultaneous optimization of multiple objectives, including consistency, coherence, relevance, and fluency, which presents considerable challenges. Although large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Junjie Song , Yiwen Liu , Dapeng Li , Yin Sun , Shukun Fu , Siqi Chen , Yuji Cao

We introduce Mem2Mem, a memory-to-memory mechanism for hierarchical recurrent neural network based encoder decoder architectures and we explore its use for abstractive document summarization. Mem2Mem transfers "memories" via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Jaehong Park , Jonathan Pilault , Christopher Pal

Text Summarization has been an extensively studied problem. Traditional approaches to text summarization rely heavily on feature engineering. In contrast to this, we propose a fully data-driven approach using feedforward neural networks for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Aakash Sinha , Abhishek Yadav , Akshay Gahlot

The exponential growth of textual data has created a crucial need for tools that assist users in extracting meaningful insights. Traditional document summarization approaches often fail to meet individual user requirements and lack…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Samira Ghodratnama , Amin Beheshti , Mehrdad Zakershahrak

The classical text preprocessing pipeline, comprising Tokenisation, Normalisation, Stop Words Removal, and Stemming/Lemmatisation, has been implemented in many systems for ontology matching (OM). However, the lack of standardisation in text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zhangcheng Qiang , Kerry Taylor , Weiqing Wang

Automatic summarization techniques aim to shorten and generalize information given in the text while preserving its core message and the most relevant ideas. This task can be approached and treated with a variety of methods, however, not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Alexandr Nikolich , Arina Puchkova

Autoformalization, the process of transforming informal mathematical language into formal specifications and proofs remains a difficult task for state-of-the-art (large) language models. Existing works point to competing explanations for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Willy Chan , Michael Souliman , Jakob Nordhagen , Brando Miranda , Elyas Obbad , Kai Fronsdal Sanmi Koyejo

Text summarization is the process of condensing a piece of text to fewer sentences, while still preserving its content. Chat transcript, in this context, is a textual copy of a digital or online conversation between a customer (caller) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Pratik K. Biswas

Document summarization condenses a long document into a short version with salient information and accurate semantic descriptions. The main issue is how to make the output summary semantically consistent with the input document. To reach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Mingyang Song , Liping Jing

Our goal is to find combinations of facts that optimally summarize data sets. We consider this problem in the context of voice query interfaces for simple, exploratory data analysis. Here, the system answers voice queries with a short…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Immanuel Trummer , Connor Anderson

The rapid growth of video content across domains such as surveillance, education, and social media has made efficient content understanding increasingly critical. Video summarization addresses this challenge by generating concise yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Pritam Mishra , Coloma Ballester , Dimosthenis Karatzas

Current language models (LMs) use a fixed, static subword tokenizer. This default choice typically results in degraded efficiency and language capabilities, especially in languages other than English. To address this issue, we challenge the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Darius Feher , Ivan Vulić , Benjamin Minixhofer

Video summarization is a technique to create a short skim of the original video while preserving the main stories/content. There exists a substantial interest in automatizing this process due to the rapid growth of the available material.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-04-12 Mayu Otani , Yuta Nakashima , Esa Rahtu , Janne Heikkilä