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Multivariate information decompositions hold promise to yield insight into complex systems, and stand out for their ability to identify synergistic phenomena. However, the adoption of these approaches has been hindered by there being…

Most real systems consist of a large number of interacting, multi-typed components, while most contemporary researches model them as homogeneous networks, without distinguishing different types of objects and links in the networks.…

Sunlight and shadow play critical roles in how urban spaces are utilized, thrive, and grow. While access to sunlight is essential to the success of urban environments, shadows can provide shaded places to stay during the hot seasons,…

The data circulation is a complex scenario involving a large number of participants and different types of requirements, which not only has to comply with the laws and regulations, but also faces multiple challenges in technical and…

We develop a general formalism for representing and understanding structure in complex systems. In our view, structure is the totality of relationships among a system's components, and these relationships can be quantified using information…

People can help other people find information in networked information seeking environments. Recently, many such systems and algorithms have proliferated in industry and in academia. Unfortunately, it is difficult to compare the systems in…

Data-driven analysis is important in virtually every modern organization. Yet, most data is underutilized because it remains locked in silos inside of organizations; large organizations have thousands of databases, and billions of files…

Ensuring the usefulness of electronic data sources while providing necessary privacy guarantees is an important unsolved problem. This problem drives the need for an analytical framework that can quantify the safety of personally…

Fog computing is an architecture that is used to distribute resources such as computing, storage, and memory closer to end-user to improve applications and service deployment. The idea behind fog computing is to improve cloud computing and…

Abstraction plays a key role in concept learning and knowledge discovery; this paper is concerned with computational abstraction. In particular, we study the nature of abstraction through a group-theoretic approach, formalizing it as…

Data hiding is the art of concealing messages with limited perceptual changes. Recently, deep learning has enriched it from various perspectives with significant progress. In this work, we conduct a brief yet comprehensive review of…

The field of edge and fog computing is growing, but there are still many inconsistent and loosely-defined terms in current literature. With many articles comparing theoretical architectures and evaluating implementations, there is a need to…

This paper introduces several fundamental concepts in information theory from the perspective of their origins in engineering. Understanding such concepts is important in neuroscience for two reasons. Simply applying formulae from…

Artificial intelligence is rapidly transforming astronomical research, yet the scientific community has largely treated this transformation as an engineering challenge rather than an epistemological one. This perspective article argues that…

Even though the brain operates in pure darkness, within the skull, it can infer the most likely causes of its sensory input. An approach to modelling this inference is to assume that the brain has a generative model of the world, which it…

This paper presents an analytical taxonomy that can suitably describe, rather than simply classify, techniques for data presentation. Unlike previous works, we do not consider particular aspects of visualization techniques, but their…

The development of a company often entails the emergence of autonomous data sources with different structural and technological organization. This can lead to the inability of data analysis at a high level and a violation of the integrity…

Information is the basic concept of information theory. However, there is no definition of this concept that can encompass all uses of the term information in information theories and beyond. Many question a possibility of such a…

In the last years many accurate decision support systems have been constructed as black boxes, that is as systems that hide their internal logic to the user. This lack of explanation constitutes both a practical and an ethical issue. The…

Deep learning models trained using massive amounts of data tend to capture one view of the data and its associated mapping. Different deep learning models built on the same training data may capture different views of the data based on the…