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The light of the first astrophysical objects is expected to leave an imprint on the global 21-cm signal as it heats, excites, and ionizes neutral hydrogen. This dependence on early astrophysics introduces significant uncertainties in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-08-06 Omer Zvi Katz

Understanding the nature of dark matter (DM) particles remains a pivotal challenge in modern cosmology. Current cosmological research on these phenomena primarily utilizes cosmic microwave background (CMB) observations and other late-time…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-24 Meng-Lin Zhao , Yue Shao , Sai Wang , Xin Zhang

Numerical hydrodynamical simulations have proven a successful means of reproducing many of the statistical properties of the LyA forest as measured in high redshift (z > 4) quasar spectra. The source of ionization of the Intergalactic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Avery Meiksin , Martin White

In this paper we further explore the implications that this has for the currently popular consensus that it is the orientation of the circumnuclear obscuring torus which determines whether absorption is present along our sight-line. The…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-03-04 S. J. Curran , M. T. Whiting

Absorption or emission against the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) may be observed in the redshifted 21cm line if the spin temperature of the neutral intergalactic medium prior to reionization differs from the CMB temperature.…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-12-10 Tiziana Di Matteo , Rosalba Perna , Tom Abel , Martin J. Rees

Intergalactic absorbers along lines of sight to distant quasars are a powerful diagnostic for the evolution and content of the IGM. In this study, we search known low-z Ly-alpha absorption systems for equivalent absorption in higher Lyman…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Charles W. Danforth , J. Michael Shull

We study the intergalactic transmission of radiation in the vicinity of the Ly{\alpha} wavelength. Simulating sightlines through the intergalactic medium (IGM) in detailed cosmological hydrosimulations, the impact of the IGM on the shape of…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-19 Peter Laursen , Jesper Sommer-Larsen , Alexei O. Razoumov

Redshifted 21cm signal is a promising tool to investigate the state of intergalactic medium (IGM) in the Cosmic Dawn (CD) and Epoch of Reionization(EoR). In our previous work (Shimabukuro et al 2015), we studied the variance and skewness to…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-04-08 Hayato Shimabukuro , Shintaro Yoshiura , Keitaro Takahashi , Shuichiro Yokoyama , Kiyotomo Ichiki

New low frequency radio telescopes currently being built open up the possibility of observing the 21-cm radiation before the Epoch of Reionization in the future, in particular at redshifts 200 > z > 30, also known as the dark ages. At these…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-01-03 Rishi Khatri , Benjamin D. Wandelt

The cross-correlation between the 21 cm emission from the high-redshift intergalactic medium and the near-infrared (NIR) background light from the high-redshift galaxies promises to be a powerful probe of cosmic reionization. In this paper,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-18 Xiao-Chun Mao

The radio observation of 21\,cm-line signal from the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) enables us to explore the evolution of galaxies and intergalactic medium in the early universe. However, the detection and imaging of the 21\,cm-line signal…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-30 Shintaro Yoshiura , Hayato Shimabukuro , Kenji Hasegawa , Keitaro Takahashi

Observations of the high-redshift Universe with the 21 cm hyperfine line of neutral hydrogen promise to open an entirely new window onto the early phases of cosmic structure formation. Here we review the physics of the 21 cm transition,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Steven Furlanetto , S. Peng Oh , Frank Briggs

Detection of the redshifted 21cm-line signal from neutral hydrogen in the intergalactic medium (IGM) during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR) is complicated by intense foregrounds such as galactic synchrotron and extragalactic radio galaxies.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-31 Kenji Kubota , Shintaro Yoshiura , Keitaro Takahashi , Kenji Hasegawa , Hidenobu Yajima , Masami Ouchi , B. Pindor , R. L. Webster

This review summarizes recent studies of the cold neutral hydrogen gas associated with galaxies probed via the HI 21-cm absorption line. HI 21-cm absorption against background radio-loud quasars is a powerful tool to study the neutral gas…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-10-16 Rajeshwari Dutta

Observations of the redshifted 21-cm signal (in absorption or emission) allow us to peek into the epoch of "dark ages" and the onset of reionization. These data can provide a novel way to learn about the nature of dark matter, in particular…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-11 Alexey Boyarsky , Dmytro Iakubovskyi , Oleg Ruchayskiy , Anton Rudakovskyi , Wessel Valkenburg

We use hydrodynamic cosmological simulations in a 9.6 Mpc box to explore the evolution of the intergalactic medium (IGM) transmissivity from z=2 through the epoch of reionization. Reionization is achieved through an ultraviolet background…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 Pascal Paschos , Michael L. Norman

We develop an effective perturbation theory (and, equivalently, a bias expansion) for the inhomogeneous 21cm radiation field from reionization. Using large-scale simulations of cosmological reionization, we find that this expansion…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-20 Matthew McQuinn , Anson D'Aloisio

Different physical processes in galaxy evolution, such as galaxy mergers that lead to coalescence of dual Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) and outflows emanating from the narrow line region, can leave their imprint on the optical spectra of AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-09-08 Rajeshwari Dutta , Raghunathan Srianand

The cross-correlation between the 21 cm field and the galaxy distribution is a potential probe of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). The 21 cm signal traces neutral gas in the intergalactic medium and, on large spatial scales, this should be…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-02-15 Paul La Plante , Jordan Mirocha , Adélie Gorce , Adam Lidz , Aaron Parsons

In this chapter, the use of machine learning (ML) in redshifted 21 cm cosmology is discussed, especially for the cosmic dawn, the Epoch of Reionization, and the scientific program of SKA-Low. The 21 cm signal is useful because it can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-18 Hayato Shimabukuro